Abstract
This chapter is an attempt to understand the ways in which poor urban households in developing countries cope with the nature and depth of current labour market informalization, poverty and economic insecurity. It explores the dynamics of informality and its distributional aspects, and it demonstrates how job precariousness and vulnerability are interconnected as well as the importance of their gender dimensions. The paper is based on a study of poor urban house-holds in Bolivia and Ecuador, using sample surveys carried out in 2002.1 We focus mainly on three areas of inquiry: the evolving informal economy and its implications in the way households organize their lives; gender roles and gender relations; and the precariousness of work and lack of social protection.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Antonopoulos, R. and M. Floro (forthcoming) ‘Asset Ownership Along Gender Lines: Evidence from Thailand’. Journal of Income Distribution.
Balakrishnan, R. and M. Huang (eds) (2000) The Hidden Assembly Line: Gender Dynamics of Subcontracted Work in a Global Economy. Bloomfield CT: Kumarian Press.
Bardhan, P. and C. Udry (1999) DevelopmentMicroeconomics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Beneria, L. (2001). ‘Shifting the Risk: New Employment Patterns, Informalization, and Women’s Work’. International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, Vol. 15, No. 1, September: 27–53.
Beneria, L. (2003) Gender, Development and Globalization: Economics As IfAll People Mattered. London: Routledge.
Beneria, L. and M. Roldan (1987) The Crossroads of Class and Gender: Homework, Subcontracting and Household dynamics in Mexico City. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Benería-Surkin, J. (2003) ‘Power, Conservation, and Indigeneous Livelihood: Guarani Strategies for Conquering Political Space in Izozog, Bolivia’. PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
Boonmathya, R., Y. Praparpun and R. Leechanavanichpan (1999) ‘The Situation of Women Subcontracted Workers in the Garment Industry in Bangkok, Thailand’. Working Paper, the Asia Foundation, Bangkok, October.
Buechler, S. (2002). ‘Enacting the Global Economy in Sao Paulo, Brazil: The Impact of Labor Market Restructuring in Low Income Women’. PhD dissertation, Columbia University.
CELA-PUCE (2002) ‘Evaluacion de Los Impactos Economicos y Sociales de las Politicas de Ajuste Estructural en el Ecuador 1982–1999’, at http://www.saprin.org/ecuador/research/ecu_res_ej_fin.pdf/ecuador/research/ecu_res_ej_fin.pdf, accessed on 8 July 2003.
De Soto, H. (2000) The Mystery of Capital. Bantam Press/Random House.
Duryea, S., A. C. Edwards and M. Ureta. (2004) ‘Women in the LAC Labor Market: The Remarkable 1990s’, in Claudia Piras (ed.), Women at Work: Challenges for Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, Washington DC: 27–56.
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) (2004). Panorama Social para América Latina y el Caribe 2002–2003. Santiago de Chile: CEPAL.
Floro, Maria (1992) ‘Macroeconomic Analysis Background Paper: The Case of Ecuador’. Urban Poverty and Social Policy in the Context of Adjustment Project, Working Paper, Washington DC: World Bank.
Floro, M. and J. Messier (2004) ‘Credit, Gender and Debt Servicing: The Case of Urban Poor Households in Ecuador’. Paper Presented at the Southern Eastern Economics Association Meetings, 19–20 November 2004, New Orleans.
Floro, M. and R. Antonopoulos (2005). ‘Asset Pawning among Urban, Low Income Households in Thailand’, Levy Economics Institute Working Paper, forthcoming.
González de la Rocha, M. (2000) Private Adjustments: Household Responses to the Erosion of Work. UNDP, Social Development and Poverty Elimination Division, Conference Paper Series No. 6, New York: UNDP.
Gutmann, M. (1996) The Meanings of Macho: Being a Man in Mexico City. Berkeley/Los Angeles/London: University of California Press.
International Labour Organization (ILO) (2001–02). Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM). Geneva: ILO.
ILO (2002). Women and Men in the Informal Economy. Geneva: International Labour Organization.
ILO and HomeNet Thailand (2002). Impact of the Economic Crisis on Horneworkers in Thailand. Bangkok, International Labour Office.
Kabeer, Naila (2000) The Power to Choose: Bangladesh Women and Labour Market Decisions in London and Dhaka. London and New York: Verso.
Kabeer, Naila (2003) ‘Labor Standards, Women’s Rights, Basic Needs: Challenges to Collective Action in a Globalizing World’. In L. Benería and S. Bisnath (eds) Global Tensions: Challenges and Opportunities in the World Economy. London: Routledge.
Kohl, B. (1999) ‘Economic and Political Restructuring in Bolivia: Tools for a Neoliberal Agenda’. PhD dissertation, Cornell University.
Lavinas, L. (1996) ‘As mulheres no universo da pobreza: o caso Brasileiro’. Estudos Feministas, 4(2): 454–79.
McCrate, E. (1995) ‘The Growing Divide Among American Women’. Unpublished paper, University of Vermont, Department of Economics.
McFarren, W. (1989) ‘Economic Crisis and the Politics of Adaptation: Survival Strategies of Displaced Bolivian Mining Households’. MA thesis, Cornell University.
Messier, John (2005) ‘Dynamics of Poverty Trap and the Role of Credit’. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Economics Department, American University, Washington DC, August.
Morales Anaya, J.A. (1987) ‘Estabilización y Nueva Politica Económica’. EL Trimestre Economico, LIV: 179–211.
Nussbaum, M. (2003) ‘Women’s Capabilities and Social Justice’. In L. Benería and S. Bisnath (eds) Global Tensions: Opportunities and Challenges in the World Economy. New York: Routledge.
Parandekar, S., R. Vos, and D. Winkler (2002) ‘Ecuador: Crisis, Poverty and Social Protection’. In P. Beckerman and A. Solimano (eds) Crisis and Dollarization in Ecuador: Stability, Growth and Social Equity. Washington DC: World Bank: 127–76.
Pérez-Sáinz, J. P. (1994) El Dilema del Nahual. Globalización, exclusión y trabajo en Centramérica. Costa Rica: FLACSO.
Pérez-Sáinz, J. P. (2005) ‘Labor Exclusion in Latin America: Old and New Tendencies’. In L. Benería and N. Kudva (eds) Rethinking Labor Market Informalization: Poverty, Precarious Jobs and Social Protection. Ithaca, NY: Cornell e-Publishing.
Pichetpongsa, Anant (2004) ‘Work Intensity and Well-being: The Case of Women Homebased Workers in Thailand’. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, American University, March.
Piras, C. (ed.) (2004) Women at Work: Challenges for Latin America. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank.
Portes, A. and M. Castells (1989) The Informal Economy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Republic of Bolivia (2001) Poverty Reductions Strategy Paper.
La Paz. Sachs, J. (1987) ‘The Bolivian Hyperinflation and Stabilization’. American Economic Review, May: 279–83.
Salzinger, L. (2003) Genders in Production: Making Workers in Mexico’s Global Factories. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Sebstad, J. and M. Cohen (2001) Microfinance, Risk Management and Poverty. Washington DC: Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest.
Sen, A. (1992) Inequality Reexamined. Cambridge MA: Russell Sage Foundation and Harvard University Press.
Solimano, A. (2002) ‘Crisis and Dollarization: An Overview’. In P. Beckerman and A. Solimano (eds) Crisis and Dollarization in Ecuador: Stability, Growth and Social Equity. Washington DC: World Bank: 1–16.
Unidad de Análisis de Politicas Sociales y Económicas (UDAPE) (2003) Crisis, Crecimiento y Pobreza. La Paz, January.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (2002). Human Development Report. New York: Oxford University Press.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (2003). Human Development Report. New York: Oxford University Press.
Weinberg, S. (2002). ‘An Analysis of Informal Sector Expansion in Ecuador’s Urban Areas’. Unpublished Paper, Washington DC: American University.
World Bank (1988) Ecuador Country Economic Memorandum. Report No. 7321-EC, August. Washington DC: World Bank.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2006 UNRISD
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Benería, L., Floro, M.S. (2006). Labour Market Informalization, Gender and Social Protection: Reflections on Poor Urban Households in Bolivia and Ecuador. In: Razavi, S., Hassim, S. (eds) Gender and Social Policy in a Global Context. Social Policy in a Development Context. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230625280_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230625280_9
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-54534-6
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-62528-0
eBook Packages: Palgrave Economics & Finance CollectionEconomics and Finance (R0)