Abstract
In The Peloponnesian War, Thucydides (1972: 402) highlights the effects of the general weakness of smaller states vis-à-vis larger, more powerful ones in a key passage where the Athenians remind the Melians that:
you know as well as we do that, as the world goes, right is only in question between equals in power. Meanwhile, the strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must.
My gratitude to the discussants of the workshop on small state diplomacies convened by the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) at the Institute of International Relations, St Augustine Campus of the University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago, 20–23 February 2008. Special thanks to Andrew F. Cooper, Donna Lee, Vaughan A. Lewis, Debbie Mohammed, Keith Nurse, Naren Prasad, Baldur Thorallsson and William Vlcek. Additional useful comments were received from Philip Nel, Kathleen Stuart and Jordan Blake Walker. The usual disclaimers apply.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ashe, J.W., R. Van Lierop and A. Cherian (1999) ‘The Role of the Alliance of Small and Island States in the Negotiation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change’, Natural Resources Forum 23(3): 209–20.
Atkins, J.P., S. Mazzi and C.D. Easter (2000) A Commonwealth Vulnerability Index for Developing Countries: The Position of Small States (London: Commonwealth Secretariat).
Baehr, P.R. (1975) ‘Small States: A Tool for Analysis’, Review Article, World Politics 27(3): 456–66.
Baldacchino, G. (2000) ‘The Challenge of Hypothermia: A Six-Proposition Manifesto for Small Island Territories’, Round Table: Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs 89(353): 65–79.
Baldacchino, G. (2002) ‘The Nationless State? Malta, National Identity and the European Union’, West European Politics 25(4): 191–206.
Baldacchino, G. (2008) ‘Studying Islands: On Whose Terms?’, Island Studies Journal 3(1), May: 37–56.
Barston, R.P. (1973) ‘Introduction’ in R.P. Barston (ed.), The Other Powers: Studies in the Foreign Policies of Small States (London: George Allen & Unwin): 13–28.
BBC News (2006) ‘Japan gains key Whaling Victory’, BBC News, 19 June, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/5093350.stm, accessed on 26 August 2008.
Benedict, B. (1966) ‘Sociological Characteristics of Smaller Territories and their Implications for Economic Development’ in M. Banton (ed.), The Social Anthropology of Complex Societies (London: Tavistock): 23–34.
Benedict, B. (ed.) (1967) Problems of Smaller Territories (London: Athlone Press for the Institute of Commonwealth Studies).
Berreman, G. (1978) ‘Scale and Social Relations’, Current Anthropology 19(2): 225–45.
Bertram, G. (ed.) (2006) ‘Beyond MIRAB: The Political Economy of Small Islands in the 21st Century’, Asia Pacific Viewpoint, special issue, 47(1).
Bertram, G. and B. Poirine (2007) ‘Island Political Economy’ in G. Baldacchino (ed.), A World of Islands: An Island Studies Reader (Malta and Canada: Agenda Academic and Institute of Island Studies): 323–78.
Bray, M. (1987) ‘Small Countries in International Development’, Review Article, Journal of Development Studies 23(2): 295–300.
Bray, M. (1992) Educational Planning in Small Countries (Paris: UNESCO, International Institute for Educational Planning).
Brzezinski, Z. (1997) The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and its Geostrategic Imperatives (New York: Basic Books).
Briguglio, L. (1995) ‘Small Island States and their Economic Vulnerabilities’, World Development 23(9): 1615–32.
Briguglio, L., G. Cordina and E.J. Kisanga (eds) (2006) Building the Economic Resilience of Small States (Malta and London: University of Malta and Commonwealth Secretariat).
Button, J. (2006) ‘Tiny Tuvalu Packs a Powerful Punch’, Sydney Morning Herald, 20 November, http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/tiny-tuvalupacks-a-powerful-punch/2006/11/19/1163871272168.htm1, accessed on 26 August 2008.
CDNN News (2004) ‘Need More Space? Build an Island’, CDNN News, 11 December, http://www.cdnn.info/industry/i041211/i041211.html, accessed on 26 August 2008.
Charles, E., et al. (1997) A Future for Small States: Overcoming Vulnerability (London: Commonwealth Secretariat).
Chasek, P.S. (2005) ‘Margins of Power: Coalition Building and Coalition Maintenance of the South Pacific Island States and the Alliance of Small and Island States’, Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 14(2): 125–37.
CIA (2007) World Factbook (Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency).
Commonwealth Secretariat (1985) Vulnerability: Small States in the Global Society (London: Commonwealth Secretariat).
Commonwealth Secretariat/World Bank (2000) Small States: Meeting Challenges in the Global Economy, final report of the Commonwealth Secretariat/World Bank Joint Task Force on Small States, March (London and Washington DC: Commonwealth Secretariat/World Bank).
Crossley, M. and K. Holmes (1999) Educational Development in the Small States of the Commonwealth: Retrospect and Prospect (London: Commonwealth Secretariat).
Crowards, T. (2002) ‘Defining the Category of ‘Small’ States’, Journal of International Development 14(2): 143–79.
DEME (2008) Creating Land for the Future (Belgium: Dredging Environmental and Marine Engineering), http://www.deme.be/projects/maldive_hulhumale.html, accessed on 26 August 2008.
DeLoughrey, E.M. (2007) Routes and Roots: Navigating Caribbean and Pacific Island Literatures (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press).
Depraetere, C. and A.L. Dahl (2007) ‘Island Locations and Classifications’ in G. Baldacchino (ed.) A World of Islands: An Island Studies Reader (Malta and Canada: Agenda Academic and Institute of Island Studies): 57–106.
Diggines, C.E. (1985) ‘The Problems of Small States’, Round Table: Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs 74(295): 191–205.
East, M. (1973) ‘Size and Foreign Policy Behaviour: A Test of Two Models’, World Politics 25(4): 556–77.
The Economist (1971) ‘Damned Dots’, London, The Economist Newspapers, July 31: 16.
The Economist (2004) ‘Smallness Pays’, London, The Economist Newspapers, February 26, http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=2461814, accessed on 26 August 2008.
The Economist (2007) ‘God’s Ambassadors’, London, The Economist Newspapers, July 21: 58–60.
Edis, R. (1991) ‘Punching above their weight: How small developing states operate in the contemporary diplomatic world’, Cambridge Review of International Affairs 5(2): 45–53.
Farbotko, C. (2005a) ‘Tuvalu, Climate Change, and the Possibilities for Legal Redress’, paper presented to Clean Air Society of Australia and New Zealand Conference, Hobart, Tasmania.
Farbotko, C. (2005b) ‘Tuvalu and Climate Change: Constructions of Environmental Displacement in the Sydney Morning Herald’, Geografiska Annaler 87B(4): 279–94.
Gillis, J.R. and D. Lowenthal (2007) ‘Editorial Introduction’, Geographical Review 97(2): iii–vi.
Gayoon, M.A. (1992) Address by His Excellency Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Republic of Maldives, at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, 12 June, http://www.un.int/maldives/unc(ed.)htm, accessed on 26 August 2008.
Hagalin, T. (2005) ‘Real Independence of Microstates in International Organizations and State Relations’, paper presented at 14th Convention of the Nordic Political Science Association, Reykjavik, Iceland, August, http: //registration.yourhost.is/nopsa2005/papers/Thorhildur%20Hagalin.doc,accessed on 26 August 2008.
Hamilton, J. (2008) ‘Maldives Build Barriers to Global Warning’, National Public Radio, 28 January, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyld=18425626, accessed on 26 August 2008.
Handel, M. (1990) Weak States in the International System (London: Frank Cass).
Harden, S. (1985) Small is Dangerous: Micro-States in a Macro World (New York: St Martin’s Press).
Harris, T. (2006) ‘The Dynamics of International Diplomacy: The Case of China and Taiwan in the Caribbean, 1971–2005’, Journal of Caribbean International Relations (2): 122–37.
Hein, P.L. (2004) ‘Small Island Developing States: Origin of the Category and Definitional Issues’ in Is Special Treatment of Small Island Developing States Possible? (Geneva and New York: UNCTAD): 10–22.
Ingimundarson, V. (2003) ‘A Western Cold War: The Crisis in Iceland’s Relations with Britain, the United States, and NATO, 1971–74’, Diplomacy and Statecraft 14(4): 94–136.
Katzenstein, P. (1985) Small States in World Markets: Industrial Policy in Europe (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press).
Kenny, Z. (2007) ‘Global Warming Refugees: Left to Drown?’, Green Left, 17 March, http://www.greenleft.org.au/2007/703/36535, accessed on 26 August 2008.
Keohane, R.O. (1969) ‘Lilliputians’ Dilemmas: Small States in International Politics’, International Organization 23(2): 291–310.
Kisanga, E.J. and S.J. Danchie (eds) (2007) Commonwealth Small States: Issues and Prospects (London: Commonwealth Secretariat and Commonwealth Parliamentary Association).
Kissinger, H. (1982) Years of Upheaval (Boston: Little, Brown and Co).
Kurlansky, M. (1997) Cod (New York: Vintage Books).
Lewis, J.P. (1991) ‘Some Consequences of Giantism: The Case of India’, World Politics 43(3): 367–89.
Lillis, K.M. (ed.) (1993) Policy, Planning and Management of Education in Small States (Paris: UNESCO, International Institute for Educational Planning).
Machiavelli, N. (1515/1985) The Prince, translated by H.C. Mansfield, 2nd edition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
Micallef, J.V. (1979) ‘Mediterranean Maverick: Malta’s Uncertain Future’, Round Table 68(275): 238–51.
Nadkami, D. (2007) ‘Views from Auckland: Chequebook Diplomacy Gets Some Serious Notice’, Islands Business, http://www.islandsbusiness.com/islands_business/index_dynamic/containerNameToReplace=MiddleMiddle/focusModulelD=17653/overideSkinName=issueArticle-full.tpl, accessed on 26 August 2008.
Neumann, I.B. and S. Gstöhl (2004) Lilliputians in Gulliver’s World? Small States in International Relations, Working Paper 1–2004, Reykjavik, Centre for Small State Studies, University of Iceland, http://www.hi.is/solofile/1008303, accessed on 26 August 2008.
Oberthür, S. and H.E. Ott (1999) The Kyoto Protocol: International Climate Change Policy for the 21st Century (Berlin: Springer).
Palca, J. (2008) ‘Dutch Architects Plan for a Floating Future’, National Public Radio, 10 February, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyld=18480769, accessed on 26 August 2008.
Payne, A. (2004) ‘Small States in the Global Politics of Development’, Round Table 93(376): 623–35.
Pirotta, J.M. (1985) ‘Unruffled Persistence: Borg Olivier’s 1952 Negotiations with the British Government’, Melita Historica 9(2): 171–84.
Plischke, E. (1977) Microstates in World Affairs: Policy Problems and Options (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Policy Research).
PokerPages.com (2007) ‘USA loses WTO Appeal in Online Poker & Online Gambling Case’, 2 April, http://www.pokerpages.com/poker-news/currentaffairs/usa-loses-wto-appeal-in-online-poker-online-gambling-case-29626.htm, accessed on 26 August.
Pollock, E. (2005) Rough Cut: Tuvalu — That Sinking Feeling. Global Warming, Rising Seas, Frontline World, 6 December, http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/2005/12/tuvalu_that_sin_l.html#, accessed on 26 August 2008.
Sellers, Peter (director) (1959) The Mouse that Roared, Columbia Pictures/ Open Road Productions, http://www.allmovie.com/cg/avg.dll?p=avg&sq1=1:33517, accessed on 26 August 2008.
Singham, A.W. (1968) The Hero and the Crowd in a Colonial Polity (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press).
Smith, S.C. (1975) British Documents on the End of Empire Project: Malta, Series B, Volume 11 (London: University of London, Institute of Commonwealth Studies).
Sopoanga, S. (2003) Statement by The Hon. Saufatu Sopoanga OBE, Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Tuvalu, 58th UN General Assembly, September 24, http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/58/statements/tuvaeng030924. htm, accessed on 26 August 2008.
Suhrke, A. (1973) ‘Gratuity or Tyranny? The Korean Alliances’, World Politics 25(4): 508–32.
Sutton, P.K. and A. Payne (1993) ‘Lilliput under Threat: The Security Problems of Small Island and Enclave Developing States’, Political Studies 41(4): 579–93.
Swift, J. (1726/1965) Gulliver’s Travels: Lemuel Gulliver’s Travels to Several and Remote Regions of the World (London: Methuen).
Tallack, M. (2008) ‘Farewell from Fair Isle’, New Statesman, 28 January, http://www.newstatesman.com/200801280003, accessed on 26 August 2008.
Thorhallsson, B. (2000) The Role of Small State in the European Union (Aldershot: Ashgate).
Toafa, M. (2004) Statement by The Hon. Maatia Toafa, Acting Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Tuvalu, 59th UN General Assembly, September 24, http://www.un.org/webcast/ga/59/statements/tuveng040923.pdf, accessed on 26 August 2008.
Thucydides (431BC/1972) History of the Peloponnesian War, translated by Rex Warner (London: Penguin Classics).
US State Department (2007) Background Note: Tuvalu, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, October, http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/16479.htm, accessed on 26 August 2008.
Vital, D, (1967) The Inequality of States: A Study of the Small Power in International Relations (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Watson, A. (1982) Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States (London: Eyre Methuen).
Woodward, C. (2001) ‘Netherlands battens its Ramparts against Warming Climate’, National Geographic News, 4 September, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/08/0829_wiredutch.html, accessed on 26 August 2008.
Wriggins, W. Howard (1975) ‘To the Highest Bidder: Malta, Britain and NATO’, Round Table: Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs 64(1): 167–85.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2009 Godfrey Baldacchino
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Baldacchino, G. (2009). Thucydides or Kissinger? A Critical Review of Smaller State Diplomacy. In: Cooper, A.F., Shaw, T.M. (eds) The Diplomacies of Small States. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230246911_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230246911_2
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-36563-0
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-24691-1
eBook Packages: Palgrave Political & Intern. Studies CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)