Abstract
Chile has been widely recognized as having adopted a pragmatist approach to foreign relations since the return of democracy in March 1990. This appreciation is based on the “economization” of its foreign policy, since one of the main traits of the international orientation of the country has been the acceptation of “globalization,” understood as economic dynamism beyond borders. In the atmosphere of the 1990s, this orientation converged with the policies and ideology of the United States and other industrialized economies, in terms of further opening its economy, pursuing free-trade agreements, and in participating in international accords on a “post-international system.” This policy reached one of its goals in the first decade of the twenty-first century, with the signing of multiple free-trade treaties, although by then, the regional economic consensus was already waning.
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Notes
Joaquín Fermandois, Chile y el mundo 1970–1973. La política exterior del gobierno de la Unidad Popular y el sistema international (Santiago: Ediciones Universidad Católica de Chile, 1985). For a different view, see Jorge Vera Castillo, ed., La política exterior chilena durante el gobierno del Presidente Salvador Allende 1970–1973 (Santiago: IERIC, 1987). For a general assessment of the concept of “ideology,” see Alan Cassels, Ideology and International Relations in the Modern World (New York, London: Routledge, 1996), pp. 1–8.
For the most complete interpretation, see Heraldo Muñoz, Las relaciones exteriores del gobierno militar chileno (Santiago: Ornitorrinco, 1986).
For a general view, see Manfred Wilhelmy and Roberto Duran, “Los principales rasgos de la política exterior chilena entre 1973 y el 2000,” Revista de Ciencia Política 23, 2 (2003).
Joaquín Fermandois, Mundo y fin de mundo. Chile en la Política mundial 1900–2004 (Santiago: Ediciones Universidad Católica de Chile, 2005), Chapter 16.
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For an analysis of the program, see Renán Fuentealba, “Un nuevo estilo diplomático para el nuevo Gobierno Democrático,” Diplomacia, No. 54–55 (October 1990-March 1991), p. 28.
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As a reference, see Angelo Codevilla, “Is Pinochet the Model?” Foreign Affaire 72, 5 (November/December 1993).
Joaqufn Fermandois, “Peace at Home, Turbulences Abroad: The Foreign Policy of the Lagos Administration,” Silvia Borzutzky and Lois Hecht Oppenheim, eds., After Pinochet. The Chilean Road to Democracy and the Market (Gainesville: The University of Florida Press, 2006).
Heraldo Muñoz, Una guerra solitaria. La historia secreta de EE.UU. en Irak, la polémica en la ONU y el papel de Chile (Santiago: Mondadori, 2005), p. 19.
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José Rodríguez Elizondo, De Charaña a La Haya. Chile, entre la aspiratión maníima de Bolivia y la demanda mantima de Perú (Santiago: La Tercera, Mondadori, 2009).
For an analysis of the situation at the beginning of her administration, see César Ross, “Chile: los desafíos de la política exterior de Michelle Bachelet,” Foreign Affairs, en español, abril-junio 2006.
Instituto de Estudios Internacionales, Universidad de Chile; Instituto de Ciencia Política, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, las Américas y el mundo. Opinión pública y polútúca exterior (Santiago, 2008). This study stresses that the Chilean public considers current relations with other Latin American countries in a positive light.
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© 2011 Gian Luca Gardini and Peter Lambert
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Fermandois, J. (2011). Pragmatism, Ideology, and Tradition in Chilean Foreign Policy Since 1990. In: Gardini, G.L., Lambert, P. (eds) Latin American Foreign Policies. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230118270_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230118270_3
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