Abstract
The editors, Højbjerg, Knörr, and Murphy, summarize and reevaluate key explanatory themes in the broad research program on Upper Guinea Coast ethnography and history in light of contemporary changes, crises, and continuities. Intense sociopolitical transformations in this West African region—for example, civil war, refugees, regional insecurity, postconflict nation-building, and transnational epidemics—challenge the standard research paradigms for understanding the region. The introduction explores and transcends the central explanatory tropes that have oriented this research, such as “big man” patronage and patrimonialism, firstcomers and latecomers as tropes of historical precedence shaping contemporary migration and settlement patterns, secret society initiations as part of postwar social reconstruction, and the language of autochthony as shaping ethnic and national identities, citizenship, and creolization within and of the imagined nation-state.
We thank Wilson Trajano Filho and Maarten Bedert for their most helpful comments and suggestions on an earlier draft of this introduction. We thank Conny Schnepel for being a diligent and patient copy-editor of the whole book.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abramowitz, S.A. 2014. Searching for Normal in the Wake of the Liberian War. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.
Agha, A. 2007. Language and Social Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Anderson, B.R. 1991. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
Babcock, B.A. 1980. Reflexivity: Definitions and Discriminations. Semiotica 30: 1–14.
Bakhtin, M. 1984. Rabelais and His World. Trans. Hélène Iswolsky. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Black, M. 1962. Models and Metaphors: Studies in Language and Philosophy. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University.
Bledsoe, C.H. 1980. Women and Marriage in Kpelle Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
———. 1984. The Political Uses of Sande Ideology and Symbolism. American Ethnologist 11: 455–472.
Bledsoe, C.H., and W.P. Murphy. 1980. The Kpelle Negotiation of Marriage and Matrilateral Ties. In The Versatility of Kinship: Essays Presented to Harry S. Basehart, ed. S. Beckerman, and L.S. Cordell, 145–163. New York: Academic Press.
Bolten, C. 2012. I Did It to Save My Life: Love and Survival in Sierra Leone. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Brooks, G.E. 1993. Landlords and Strangers: Ecology, Society, and Trade in Western Africa, 1000–1630. Boulder: Westview Press.
Charteris-Black, J. 2005. Politicians and Rhetoric: The Persuasive Power of Metaphor. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Christiansen, C., M. Utas, and H.E. Vigh (ed). 2006. Navigating Youth, Generating Adulthood: Social Becoming in an African Context. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet.
Coulter, C. 2009. Bush Wives and Girl Soldiers: Women’s Lives through War and Peace in Sierra Leone. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
D’Azevedo, W.L. 1959. The Setting of Gola Society and Culture: Some Theoretical Implications of Variation in Time and Space. The Kroeber Anthropological Society Papers 21: 43–125.
———. 1962. Common Principles of Variant Kinship Structures Among the Gola of Western Liberia. American Anthropologist 64(3): 504–520.
———. 1971. Tribe and Chiefdom on the Windward Coast. Rural Africana 15: 10–29.
De Jong, F. 2007. Masquerades of Modernity: Power and Secrecy in Casamance, Senegal. London: Edinburgh University Press (for the International African Institute).
Denov, M. 2010. Child Soldiers: Sierra Leone’s Revolutionary United Front. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Derrida, J. 1974. White Mythology: Metaphor in the Text of Philosophy. New Literary History 6(1): 5–74.
Dorjahn, V.R., and C. Fyfe. 1962. Landlord and Stranger: Change in Tenancy Relations in Sierra Leone. The Journal of African History 3(3): 391–397.
Ellis, S. 1999. The Mask of Anarchy: The Destruction of Liberia and the Religious Dimension of an African Civil War. London: Hurst.
Ferme, M. 2001. The Underneath of Things: Violence, History, and the Everyday in Sierra Leone. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Fernandez, J.W. (ed). 1991. Beyond Metaphor: The Theory of Tropes in Anthropology. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Gberie, L. 2005. A Dirty War in West Africa: The RUF and the Destruction of Sierra Leone. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Geertz, C. 1973. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.
———. 1995. After the Fact: Two Countries, Four Decades, One Anthropologist. Cambridge: Harvard University.
Hawking, S. 1996. A Brief History of Time. New York: Bantam Books.
Headland, T.N., K.L. Pike, and M. Harris (ed). 1990. Emics and Etics: The Insider/Outsider Debate. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Hoffman, D. 2011. The War Machines: Young Men and Violence in Sierra Leone and Liberia. Durham: Duke University.
Højbjerg, C.K. 2002a. Religious Reflexivity: Essays on Attitudes to Religious Ideas and Practices. Social Anthropology 10: 1–10.
———. 2002b. Inner Iconoclasm: Form of Reflexivity in Loma Rituals of Sacrifice. Social Anthropology 10: 57–75.
———. 2006. Divergent Modes of Address and (Re)Contextualization in Loma Prayer. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 12(3): 625–641.
———. 2007. Resisting State Iconoclasm among the Loma of Guinea. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.
———. 2009. Review of Masquerades of Modernity: Power and Secrecy in Casamance, Senegal by Ferdinand de Jong (2007). Zeitschrift für Ethnologie 134(1): 142–144.
———. 2010. Victims and Heroes: Manding Historical Imagination in a Conflict-Ridden Border Region (Liberia-Guinea). In The Powerful Presence of the Past. Integration and Conflict Along the Upper Guinea Coast, ed. J. Knörr, and W. Trajano Filho, 273–293. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
Jackson, M. 2011. Life Within Limits: Well-Being in a World of Want. Durham, NC: Duke University.
Kaplan, R. 1994. The Coming Anarchy. The Atlantic. http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1994/02/the-coming-anarchy/304670/
Kelsall, T. 2007. Culture Under Cross-Examination: International Justice and the Special Court for Sierra Leone. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kiss, E. 1995. The Strange Silence of Political Theory: Response. Political Theory 23(4): 664–669.
Knörr, J. 2010a. Contemporary Creoleness, or: The World in Pidginization? Current Anthropology 51(6): 731–759.
———. 2010b. Out of Hiding? Strategies of Empowering the Past in the Reconstruction of Krio Identity. In The Powerful Presence of the Past. Integration and Conflict Along the Upper Guinea Coast, ed. J. Knörr, and W. Trajano Filho, 205–228. Leiden: Brill.
———. 2011. Das Coming-out der Diaspora als Heimat? Kreolische Identität in Sierra Leones Nachkriegsgesellschaft. Zeitschrift für Ethnologie 136: 331–356.
———. 2014. Example of Research in Progress: Creole Lingua Francas in Processes of (Re-)Integration. Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Report 2012–2013, vol. 1, 30–32. Halle (Saale).
Knörr, J., C.K. Højbjerg, C. Kohl, M. Rudolf, A. Schroven, and W. Trajano Filho. 2012a. National, Ethnic and Creole Identities in Contemporary Upper Guinea Coast Societies. Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers No. 135, Research Group Integration and Conflict Along the Upper Guinea Coast. Halle (Saale).
Knörr, J., C.K. Højbjerg, and A. Schroven. 2012b. Some Comparative Notes on Local Leadership and Traditional Authority in the Upper Guinea Coast Region. Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Report 2010–2011, 35–38. Halle (Saale).
———. 2013. The Interaction of Global and Local Models of Governance in Articulations of Traditional Authority and Local Leadership in Contemporary Upper Guinea Coast Societies. Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers No. 149. Halle (Saale).
Knörr, J., and C. Kohl (ed). 2016. The Upper Guinea Coast in Global Perspective. Oxford and New York: Berghahn Books.
Knörr, J., and W. Trajano Filho. 2010. Introduction. In The Powerful Presence of the Past. Integration and Conflict Along the Upper Guinea Coast, ed. J. Knörr, and W. Trajano Filho, 1–23. Leiden: Brill.
Kövecses, Z. 1999. Does Metaphor Reflect or Constitute Cultural Models. In Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics, ed. R. Gibbs, and G. Steen, 167–188. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
———. 2000. Metaphor and Emotion: Language, Culture, and the Body in Human Feeling. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lakoff, G., and M. Johnson. 1980. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, G., and M. Turner. 1989. More than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Levi-Strauss, C. 1963. Structural Anthropology. New York: Basic Books.
———. 1969. Raw and Cooked: Mythologiques. New York: Harper and Row.
Mamdani, M. 1996. Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Marshall-Fratani, R. 2006. The “War of Who is Who”: Autochthony, Nationalism, and Citizenship in the Ivoirian Crisis. African Studies Review 49(2): 9–43.
McGovern, M. 2011. Making War in Côte d’Ivoire. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
———. 2012. Life During Wartime: Aspirational Kinship and the Management of Insecurity. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 18: 735–752.
———. 2013a. Unmasking the State: Making Guinea Modern. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
———. 2013b. History is Stubborn: Talk about Truth, Justice, and National Reconciliation in the Republic of Guinea. Comparative Studies in Society and History 55(1): 198–225.
Ménard, A. 2015. Beyond Autochthony Discourses: Sherbro Identity and the (Re-)Construction of Social and National Cohesion in Sierra Leone. PhD diss., Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg.
Moran, M. 2005. Liberia: The Violence of Democracy. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.
Mouser, B.L. 1975. Landlords-Strangers: A Process of Accommodation and Assimilation. International Journal of African Historical Studies 8: 425–440.
Murphy, W.P. 1980. Secret Knowledge as Property and Power in Kpelle Society: Elders Versus Youth. Africa 50: 193–207.
———. 1981. The Rhetorical Management of Dangerous Knowledge in Kpelle Brokerage. American Ethnologist 8: 667–685.
———. 2003. Military Patrimonialism and Child Soldier Clientelism in the Liberian and Sierra Leonean Civil Wars. African Studies Review 46: 61–87.
———. 2010. Patrimonial Logic of Centrifugal Forces in the Political History of the Upper Guinea Coast. In The Powerful Presence of the Past. Integration and Conflict Along the Upper Guinea Coast, ed. J. Knörr, and W. Trajano Filho, 27–53. Leiden: Brill.
———. 2016. Transnational and Local Models of Non-refoulement: Youth and Women in the Moral Economy of Patronage in Post-War Liberia and Sierra Leone. In The Upper Guinea Coast in Global Perspective, ed. J. Knörr, and C. Kohl, 197–221. Oxford and New York: Berghahn Books.
Murphy, W.P., and C.H. Bledsoe. 1987. Kinship and Territory in the History of a Kpelle Chiefdom (Liberia). In The African Frontier, ed. I. Kopytoff, 123–147. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
O’Kane, D., and A. Ménard. 2015. The Frontier in Sierra Leone: Past Experiences, Present Status, and Future Trajectories. Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Paper No. 162. http://www.eth.mpg.de/cms/en/publications/working_papers/wp0162.html
Opala, J. 1994. Ecstatic Renovation! Street Art Celebrating Sierra Leone’s 1992 Revolution. African Affairs 93: 195–218.
Peters, K. 2011. War and the Crisis of Youth in Sierra Leone. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pitcher, A., M.H. Moran, and M. Johnston. 2009. Rethinking Patrimonialism and Neopatrimonialism in Africa. African Studies Review 52(1): 125–156.
Reno, W. 1995. Corruption and State Politics in Sierra Leone. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Richards, P. 1996. Fighting for the Rain Forest: War, Youth and Resources in Sierra Leone. London: James Currey.
———. 2005. To Fight or to Farm? Agrarian Dimensions of the Mano River Conflicts (Liberia and Sierra Leone). African Affairs 104: 571–590.
Sarró, R. 2010. Map and Territory: The Politics of Place and Autochthony Among Baga Sitem (And Their Neighbors). In The Powerful Presence of the Past. Integration and Conflict Along the Upper Guinea Coast, ed. J. Knörr, and W. Trajano Filho, 232–252. Leiden: Brill.
Schroven, A. 2011. The (Re-)Conceptualization of Women in Gendered International Interventions: Examples from Post-War Sierra Leone. Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers No. 130. http://www.eth.mpg.de/cms/de/publications/working_papers/wp0130
Shaw, R. 2002. Memories of the Slave Trade: Ritual and the Historical Imagination. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
———. 2010. Linking Justice with Reintegration? Ex-Combatants and the Sierra Leone Experiment. In Localizing Transitional Justice: Interventions and Priorities After Mass Violence, ed. R. Shaw, and L. Waldorf, 111–132. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Shepler, S. 2011. The Real and Symbolic Importance of Food in War: Hunger Pains and Big Men’s Bellies in Sierra Leone. Africa Today 58(2): 43–56.
———. 2014. Childhood Deployed: Remaking Child Soldiers in Sierra Leone. New York: New York University Press.
Trajano Filho, W. 2010. The Creole Idea of Nation and Its Predicaments: The Case of Guinea-Bissau. In The Powerful Presence of the Past. Integration and Conflict Along the Upper Guinea Coast, ed. J. Knörr, and W. Trajano Filho, 157–183. Leiden: Brill.
Utas, M. 2005. Agency of Victims: Young Women in the Liberian Civil War. In Makers and Breakers: Children and Youth in Postcolonial Africa, ed. A. Honwana, and F. de Boeck, 53–80. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
———. 2012. Introduction: Bigmanity and Network Governance in African Conflicts. In African Conflicts and Informal Power: Big Men and Networks, ed. M. Utas, 1–31. London: Zed Books.
Vigh, H. 2006. Navigating Terrains of War: Youth and Soldiering in Guinea Bissau. Oxford and New York: Berghahn Books.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Højbjerg, C.K., Knörr, J., Murphy, W.P. (2017). Introduction: Deconstructing Tropes of Politics and Policies in Upper Guinea Coast Societies. In: Højbjerg, C., Knörr, J., Murphy, W. (eds) Politics and Policies in Upper Guinea Coast Societies. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95013-3_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95013-3_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-95012-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-95013-3
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)