Skip to main content

The Cyborg Subject: An Introduction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Cyborg Subject

Abstract

This chapter sets forward the context, conceptual framework and cultural application of a new mode of viewing the contemporary subject as a cyborg. Emphasising the engaged role of consciousness, the cyborg is defined as the expansion of the human mind by digital technology. The split between physical and digital worlds that constitutes the hybrid nature of the cyborg is outlined as a parallax shift between two modes of thought and two realities. The nature of this shift is constructed by the relative alignments of four functions of consciousness: Existence, Meaning, Real and Virtual. This functional framework is applied to cultural depictions of the parallax split between physical and digital worlds as modes of thought, as a means of expressing the technologically mediated experience of the contemporary subject.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ascott, R. 2005. Syncretic Reality: Art, Process, and Potentiality. DRAINMAG 2(2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashby, W. 1957. An Introduction to Cybernetics. London: Chapman and Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banks, I. M. 2008. Excession. London: Kindle editionHachette.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bard, A., and J. Söderqvist. 2012. The Futurica Trilogy: The Netocrats; The Global Empire; The Body Machines. Stockholm: Kindle editionStockholm Text.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baudrillard, J. 1994. Simulacra and Simulation. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——— 2005. The Intelligence of Evil or the Lucidity Pact. Oxford: Berg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bohm, D. 1994. Thought as a System. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——— 2002. Wholeness and the Implicate Order. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bostrom, N. 2002. Anthropic Bias: Observation Selection Effects in Science and Philosophy. London; New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——— 2003. Are You Living in a Computer Simulation? Philosophical Quarterly 53(211): 243–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J.R., and P.C.W. Davies, eds. 1986. The Ghost in the Atom: A Discussion of the Mysteries of Quantum Physics. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Card, O.S. 1985. Ender’s Game. New York: Tor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cline, E. 2015. Armada. London: Kindle editionCornerstone Digital.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creeber, G., and R. Martin. 2009. Digital Cultures: Understanding New Media. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeLanda, M. 2006. A New Philosophy of Society: Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity. London: Continuum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deleuze, G. 2004b. The Logic of Sense. London: Continuum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deleuze, G., and F. Guattari. 2004a. Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. London: Continuum.

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Ignazio, F. 1986. What is COMPUTE! Doing Here? Compute! Magazine, 079 December, 90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelbart, D. 1962. Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework. Summary Report AFOSR-3233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Everett, H. 1973. The Theory of the Universal Wave Function. In The Many Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Physics, eds. B.S. DeWitt, and N. Graham. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gane, N., and D. Beer. 2008. New Media: The Key Concepts. New York: Berg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, W. 1995a. Neuromancer. London: Voyager.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunkel, D.J. 2010. The Real Problem: Avatars, Metaphysics and Online Social Interaction. New Media & Society 12: 127–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, M. 2004. New Philosophy for New Media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——— 2006. Bodies in Code: Interfaces with Digital Media. New York; Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haraway, D. 1985. Manifesto for Cyborgs: Science, Technology, and Socialist Feminism in the 1980s. Socialist Review 80: 65–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——— 1991. Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayles, N.K. 1999. How We Became Posthuman. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • ——— 2005. My Mother was a Computer: Digital Subjects and Literary Texts. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • ——— 2010. How We Became Posthuman: Ten Years on an Interview with N. Katherine Hayles. Paragraph 33(3): 318–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ——— 2012. How We Think: Digital Media and Contemporary Technogenesis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Heim, M. 1993. The Metaphysics of Virtual Reality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heisenberg, W. 1949. The Physical Principles of the Quantum Theory. New York: Dover.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ihde, D. 2012. Can Continental Philosophy Deal with the New Technologies? Journal of Speculative Philosophy 26(2): 321–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jameson, F. 2007. Archaeologies of the Future: The Desire Called Utopia and Other Science Fictions. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozel, S. 2007. Closer: Performance, Technologies, Phenomenology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacan, J. 1977. The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psycho-Analysis. London: The Hogarth Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——— 1988. The Seminars of Jacques Lacan Book II: The Ego in Freud’s Theory and in the Techniques of Psychoanalysis 1954–1955. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Licklider, J. 1960. Man-Computer Symbiosis. IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics HFE-1: 4–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lister, M., J. Dovey, S. Giddings, I. Grant, and K. Kelly. 2003. New Media: A Critical Introduction. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manovich, L. 2001. The Language of New Media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLuhan, M. 2001. Understanding Media. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moser, M. A. (ed.) with D. Macleod. 1996. Immersed in Technology: Art and Virtual Environments. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Munster, A. 2006. Materializing New Media: Embodiment in Information Aesthetics. Lebanon, NH: University Press of New England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphie, A. 2002. Putting the Virtual Back into VR. In A Shock to Thought: Expression After Deleuze and Guattari, ed. B. Massumi. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Negroponte, N. 1996. Being Digital. New York: Vintage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nusselder, A. 2012. Interface Fantasy: A Lacanian Cyborg Ontology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oxford English Dictionary—oed.com. 2015a. “Cyberspace.” Oxford University Press. Accessed 15 September 2015. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/240849. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/253795

  • Oxford English Dictionary—oed.com. 2015b. “Cyborg.” Oxford University Press.Accessed 15 September 2015. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/46487. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/253795

  • Sartre, J.P. 2004. The Imaginary: A Phenomenological Psychology of the Imagination. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sholette, G. 2011. Dark Matter: Art and Politics in the Age of Enterprise Culture. London: Pluto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siapera, E. 2012. Understanding New Media. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutton, D., S. Brind, and R. McKenzie, eds. 2007. The State of the Real: Aesthetics in the Digital Age. London: I.B.Tauris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tegmark, M. 2014. Our Mathematical Universe. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thurlow, C., and K. Mroczek. 2011. Digital Discourse: Language in the New Media. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Turkle, S. 1997. Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet. London: Phoenix.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, J.A. 1990. Information, Physics, Quantum: The Search for Links. In Complexity, Entropy, and the Physics of Information, ed. W. Zurek. Redwood City, CA: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Žižek, S. 1991. Looking Awry. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——— 1999. Is it Possible to Traverse the Fantasy in Cyberspace? In The Žižek Reader, eds. E. Wright, and E. Wright. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——— 2006. Interrogating the Real. London: Bloomsbury.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——— 2007. The Indivisible Remainder: On Schelling and Related Matters. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——— 2008a. The Plague of Fantasies. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——— 2008b. The Sublime Object of Ideology. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——— 2009a. The Parallax View. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——— 2009b. The Ticklish Subject: The Absent Centre of Political Ontology. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——— 2011. Living in the End Times. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——— 2012. Organs Without Bodies: On Deleuze and Consequences. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——— 2013. Less than Nothing: Hegel and the Shadow of Dialectical Materialism. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——— 2014. Keynote: What does it Mean to be a Materialist Today? In International Žižek Studies Conference, University of Cincinnati, 4–6 June 2014.

    Google Scholar 

Cultural Artefacts

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Copyright information

© 2016 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Benjamin, G. (2016). The Cyborg Subject: An Introduction. In: The Cyborg Subject. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58449-6_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics