Abstract
Unless women in the largest sector of the electorate in developing countries can provide real answers to the question “what is it to vote?” on their own in a generally democratic way, female suffrage is meaningless. The task of the feminist intellectual is to understand how this can be done. Although theoretically and politically incorrect, because it is liberal and bio-political—nonetheless, “other people’s children” is a slogan that travels from elite to subaltern in the electorate and should therefore be used. Since gendering is our first instrument of abstraction, the bio-political should be used strategically as a weapon for democratic emancipation. Humanities-style mind-changing work should supplement statistical calculations, as in the Human Development Index. It must be remembered that, globally, mind-changing work begins with the nurturing of the will to social justice among the children of the world, irrespective of race, class, and gender. Indeed, gendered citizenship must be perceived as also classed and racialized.
This chapter would not have been possible without my research assistants, Yohann Ripert and Pieter Vanhove. I also want to thank Kari Jegerstedt for walking me through this intellectual task.
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Notes
- 1.
At the Ida Blom conference, Jasbir Puar suggested correctly that this might be interpreted as liberal bio-politics. Let us put this down to affirmative sabotage—a practical choice of what would travel to the broadest sector of a thoroughly and long-standingly bio-politicized audience needing rearrangement of desires. For the top end, bio-politics is the very air they breathe; the bottom end is below that radar. For me, a grounding error: a strategy, not a theory, where the lines cannot be kept separate. Theory is a halfway house, a risk outside the famous ivory tower.
- 2.
Antonio Gramsci’s Selections From the Prison Writings (1971) (tr. Hoare Q and Nowell Smith G, translation modified). The translators have disfigured Gramsci’s title to his speculative note (not an essay): “Ai margini della storia (Storia dei gruppi sociali subaltern)”—“In the Fringes of History (the History of Subaltern Social Groups)”. As indeed they have taken away his insistence on a method/methodology gap here, a moment of necessary auto-critique.
- 3.
In the rest of the chapter, I have integrated material from “What Good Are the Humanities for the Study of Development?” Keynote, Golden Jubilee lecture series, Center for the Study of Developing Societies, New Delhi, August 5, 2013.
- 4.
From UNDP, Human Development Report 2013. The Rise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World (New York: United Nations Development Programme, 2013), pp. 33 and 147. The reference to the methodology source is Barro and Lee (2011).
- 5.
http://hdr.undp.org/en/2015-report (my emphasis).
- 6.
We are constantly obliged to ask questions about the fact that more and more measuring tools are produced. How does this phenomenon relate to the human development of the largest sectors of the (sometimes potential) electorate? Who has access to these claim-rights initiatives? An example:
Dear Gayatri Spivak,
I am Raj Singh, CEO and Co-Founder of Governance Data International (GDI). GDI is a Berkeley startup that is revolutionizing the way we obtain governance data in India. GDI is focused on generating and compiling governance data through its RTI filing engine ( YourAdhikar ) and its online RTI database ( RAACI ).
How it works:
We receive strategic questions from the customer regarding what they want to know from any public authority in India. GDI leverages the RTI* Act to bulk file strategic questions to PIOs* throughout India and compile custom datasets. GDI licenses the right to use these datasets created for your academic work.
If you are interested in working with us please fill out below the Google form online. A GDI consultant will get in touch with you shortly after submission.
Yours Sincerely,
Raj Shekhar Singh
CEO, Co-Founder
GDI
http://youradhikar.com/ *RTI Act:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_Information_Act
*PIO: Public Information Officers designated by every public officer under RTI Act
- 7.
I cite the names of the team in a spirit of auto-critique. I myself, and the academic class that could participate in the Ida Blom conference, belong generally to the class whose children can afford well-vetted campuses. I write in the hope that one and all on this list are engaged in a sustaining involvement with equal rights of information and choice in education of subaltern education. Let this marginal gesture remain the essence of making public (publication), as in the agora, the necessary double bind between the secrecy of the ballot (what is it to vote?—the political) and the unconditionality of the hospitality called for by a just society (the ethical)—an empiricization of the relationship without relationship between law and justice.
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Spivak, G.C. (2016). What Is It to Vote?. In: Danielsen, H., Jegerstedt, K., Muriaas, R., Ytre-Arne, B. (eds) Gendered Citizenship and the Politics of Representation. Citizenship, Gender and Diversity. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51765-4_2
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