Die Surfactantproteine A und D: Wesentliche Faktoren des pulmonalen Abwehrsystems

 

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Zusammenfassung

Die Surfactantproteine (SP) A und D sind Collectine, die aus kollagen- und lectinähnlichen Bereichen aufgebaut sind. SP-A und SP-D koordinieren die spezifische und unspezifische Immunantwort der Lunge; im Fruchtwasser und in der Vernix caseosa auf der Haut von Neugeborenen wirken sie als Infektionsschutz. Als Erkennungsmoleküle für Strukturen verschiedener Mikroorganismen vermitteln sie die Opsonierung und Agglutination von Pathogenen, die Chemotaxis von neutrophilen Granulozyten, die Phagozytose von Pathogenen sowie der Bildung von Sauerstoffradikalen im Rahmen der unspezifischen Immunabwehr. Die Wirkung von SP-A und SP-D umfasst darüber hinaus die Interaktion mit T-Lymphozyten, die u. a. zu einer verminderten Interleukin-2-Produktion führt. SP-A und SP-D modulieren die pulmonale Entzündungsreaktion sowohl auf Seiten der unspezifischen als auch der spezifischen Immunabwehr.

Abstract

Surfactant proteins (SP) A and D play a key role in pulmonary host defense of preterm and term newborns. SP-A and SP-D have structural elements of both collagens and lectins, for which they are called ”collectins”. SP-A and SP-D coordinate the innate and adaptive immune response in the lung and convey protection against infection in amniotic fluid and vernix caseosa. They are pattern-recognizing molecules of the innate immune system that are involved in binding, agglutination of pathogens, chemotaxis of neutrophils, phagocytosis of pathogens, and production of reactive oxygen species. In addition, SP-A and SP-D interact with the adaptive immune system by reducing interleukin-2 production and T lymphocyte proliferation.

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Dr. Boris W. Kramer

Universitäts-Kinderklinik

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