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CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772777
Original Article

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients' Self-perception of Periodontal Diseases

Zaridah Zainal Abidin 
1   Centre of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
,
Erni Noor
2   Centre of Studies for Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
,
Noor Shafina Mohd Nor
3   Department of Paediatrics, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Faculty of Medicine, Malaysia and Institute for Pathology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
,
Nor Shafina Mohamed Nazari 
4   Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
,
Azriyanti Anuar Zaini
5   Paediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
,
Nurul Zeety Azizi
6   Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
,
Shahrul Aiman Soelar
7   Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
,
Marshah Mohamad Shahrizad
8   Kuching Division Dental Office, Sarawak State Dental Health Department, Braang Bayur Dental Clinic, Sarawak, Malaysia
,
Rohaida Abdul Halim 
1   Centre of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
› Author Affiliations Funding This work was supported by Post Graduate Research Funding from University Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh.
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Abstract

Objectives The study aimed to evaluate type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients' self-perceived periodontal health status and to identify the association between periodontal disease (PD) and DM.

Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study included 113 T1DM children between 3 and 18 years old from the Universiti Teknologi MARA and the University of Malaya. Periodontal health parameters, including plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, simplified basic periodontal examination, and clinical attachment loss, were recorded. Self-perceived periodontal health status was assessed with questionnaires.

Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the sensitivity of the questionnaire and the relationship between T1DM and periodontal parameters.

Results The median age was 11.4 years. Half of them (50.4%) were females. A total of 83.5% rated their oral condition as good, whereas 27.5% reported a history of gingival bleeding. Clinical examination revealed that 48.7% had healthy gingiva, whereas 47.8% had gingivitis. The question “Do you have bleeding when brushing, flossing, or eating food?” showed good accuracy in the evaluation of PD (p < 0.001).

Conclusion The questionnaire has a high potential to be used by medical professionals in identifying T1DM patients at risk of PD to guide nondental health care providers in making appropriate referrals to dental services.

Keywords

periodontal disease - type 1 diabetes mellitus - diabetes mellitus - oral health - self-perception

Ethical Approval Statement

Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of UiTM (REC/07/2020(MR/169) and from Medical Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, UM (DF RD2018/0110 (L). UiTM Research Ethics Committee and Medical Ethics Committee, UM operates in accordance with the International Council for Harmonization Good Clinical Practice Guidelines, Malaysia Good Clinical Practice Guidelines, and the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from the parents and assent was obtained from the child for participation and for the purpose of publication. The research was performed in accordance with a named standard.


Data Availability Statement

Data available on request due to restrictions. The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to confidentiality issue.




Publication History

Article published online:
04 December 2023

© 2023. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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