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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 27(04): e630-e635
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761173
Original Research

Incidence, Diagnosis and Treatment of Otorhinolaryngological, Head and Neck Tuberculosis: A Prospective Clinical Study

Biban Chhabra 
1   Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
,
Pratibha Vyas
1   Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
,
Priyanshi Gupta 
1   Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
,
Prateek Sharma 
1   Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
,
Kanika Sharma 
1   Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Abstract

Introduction Tuberculosis is a disease of diversified presentation. It affects almost all organs in the body, and otorhinolaryngological, head and neck involvement is not an exception.

Objective To increase awareness about the different clinical presentations of otorhinolaryngological, head and neck tuberculosis, the techniques employed to diagnose it, and to assess the response to the treatment.

Methods We conducted a prospective study of 114 patients who presented primarily with otorhinolaryngological, head and neck tuberculosis. Routine blood investigations, chest radiographs, the tuberculin test, and sputum examination for the presence of acid-fast bacilli were performed in all cases. Site-specific investigations were performed in relevant cases only. The patients were treated according to the antitubercular treatment (ATT) regimen recommended by the Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare's National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP), and they were followed up clinically two and six months after starting the ATT.

Results Tubercular cervical lymphadenopathy was the most common clinical presentation (85.96%), followed by deep neck abscess (5.27%). Fine-needle aspiration cytology proved to be a reliable tool for the diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenopathy. Improvement at the end of 2 and 6 months of the ATT was observed in 90.35% and 96.50% of the cases respectively.

Conclusion The diagnosis of otorhinolaryngological, head and neck tuberculosis requires a high index of clinical suspicion, and the ATT proved to be very effective in reducing the severity of the disease.

Keywords

tuberculosis - Mycobacterium tuberculosis - lymphadenopathy - tuberculin test - antitubercular agents


Publication History

Received: 29 January 2022

Accepted: 12 September 2022

Article published online:
24 March 2023

© 2023. Fundação Otorrinolaringologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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