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Am J Perinatol 2021; 38(10): 1010-1022
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729557
Review Article

Neonates Born to COVID-19 Mother and Risk in Management within 4 Weeks of Life: A Single-Center Experience, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis

Raffaele Falsaperla 
1   Neonatal Intensive Care, San Marco Hospital, AUO Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
2   Unit of Paediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, San Marco Hospital, AUO Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco”, Catania, Italy
,
Valentina Giacchi 
1   Neonatal Intensive Care, San Marco Hospital, AUO Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
,
Giulia Lombardo
3   Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Post Graduate Programme in Paediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
,
Laura Mauceri
1   Neonatal Intensive Care, San Marco Hospital, AUO Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
,
Germana Lena
3   Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Post Graduate Programme in Paediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
,
Marco Andrea Nicola Saporito
1   Neonatal Intensive Care, San Marco Hospital, AUO Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
,
Giovanna Vitaliti
2   Unit of Paediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, San Marco Hospital, AUO Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco”, Catania, Italy
,
Marco Antonio Palumbo
4   Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
,
Martino Ruggieri
5   Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Paediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, AUO Policlinico “G. Rodolico - San Marco”, University of Catania, Italy
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Abstract

Objective The new coronavirus infection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been recognized as a global public health emergency, and neonates may be more vulnerable due to their immature immune system. The first aim of this study was to report our experience on the management of neonates from mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection focusing on a 28-day follow-up since birth. The second aim is to assess how many data on neonatal outcomes of the first month of life are reported in literature, performing a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Study design We report our experience based on routine management of neonates born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection and follow-up until 28 days of life.

Results In our experience at discharge, 1/48 (2.08%) of entrusted (mother refusing personal protective equipment) and none of separated presented positive nasopharyngeal swab (p = NS). All babies show good outcome at 28 days of life. The literature data show that the percentage of positive separated infants is significantly higher than the percentage of infants entrusted to positive mothers with appropriate control measures (13.63 vs. 2.4%; p = 0.0017). Meta-analysis of studies focused on follow-up showed a 2.94% higher risk of incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in entrusted newborns than in separated newborns (95% confidence interval: 0.39–22.25), but this was not significant (p = 0.30).

Conclusion A vertical transmission in utero cannot be totally excluded. Since in newborns, the disease is often ambiguous with mild or absent symptoms, it is important to define the most efficient joint management for infants born to COVID-19 positive mothers, being aware that the risk of horizontal transmission from a positive mother, when protective measures are applied, does not seem to increase the risk of infection or to affect the development of newborns from birth to first four weeks of life, and encourages the benefits of breastfeeding and skin-to-skin practice.

Key Points

  • Entrusting the newborn to the positive mother does not increase the risk of infection.

  • Our follow-up shows that newborns have good growth and outcome at one month of life.

  • Applying protective measures we suggest breastfeeding and skin-to-skin practice.

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2 infected mother - maternal transmission - management - follow-up - breastfeeding


Publication History

Received: 10 January 2021

Accepted: 15 March 2021

Article published online:
03 June 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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