Ein Update zur felinen und caninen Giardiose

 

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Zusammenfassung

Giardia duodenalis ist ein fakultativ pathogener Darmparasit. Die Giardiose bei Hund und Katze kann symptomatisch oder asymptomatisch verlaufen, wobei typische Symptome Durchfall mit und ohne Erbrechen sind. Die Prävalenz bei Jungtieren ist hoch und kann bis zu 50 % betragen. Es gibt 8 verschiedene Genotypen (A–H), welche als Assemblages bezeichnet werden. Bei Hunden kommen am häufigsten die Assemblages C und D und bei Katzen die Assemblages F und A vor. Tiere können somit auch mit den zoonotischen Assemblages A und B oder auch mit mehreren Genotypen gleichzeitig infiziert sein. Als Diagnostikmethoden werden der Immunfluoreszenztest (IFA), der Enzymimmunoassay (ELISA) und die Fäkalzentrifugation mittels Zinksulfatlösung empfohlen. Mittels Polymerasekettenreation (PCR) kann die entsprechende Assemblage bestimmt werden. Zur Therapie der caninen und felinen Giardiose sind die Wirkstoffe Fenbendazol und Metronidazol zugelassen. Zudem sollten bestimmte Hygienemaßnahmen beachtet werden. Behandelt werden nur symptomatische Tiere oder solche, welche im selben Haushalt mit Risikopatienten (z. B. immunsupprimierten Menschen) leben. Ziel der Behandlung ist die klinische Verbesserung der Symptomatik der erkrankten Hunde und Katzen. Zu einer vollständigen Elimination der Giardien kommt es oftmals nicht.

Abstract

Giardia duodenalis is a facultative pathogenic intestinal parasite. Giardiosis in dogs and cats may appear with or without clinical signs. Typical signs include diarrhea with or without vomiting. The prevalence in young animals is high and may amount to up to 50%. There are 8 different genotypes (A – H), which are called assemblages. Assemblages C and D are most common in dogs and assemblage F most frequent in cats. However, animals may also be infected with the zoonotically effective assemblages A and B or exhibit mixed infections. The immunofluorescence test (IFA), the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fecal centrifugation using zinc sulphate solution are currently recommended as diagnostic methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may be used to determine the corresponding assemblage. Approved treatments for giardiosis include fenbendazole and metronidazole. In addition, undertaking specific hygiene measures is warranted. Only animals showing clinical signs or those living in the same household with high-risk patients (e. g. immunosuppressed humans) are recommended to receive medication. The aim of treatment is clinical improvement of the diseased dogs and cats. Frequently, complete elimination of Giardia is not attained.

Publication History

Received: 02 May 2023

Accepted: 22 June 2023

Article published online:
06 December 2023

© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

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