Case Studies in Movement Disorders

 

 Buy Article Permissions and Reprints

ABSTRACT

Six cases representing the most commonly encountered movement disorders-restless legs syndrome with periodic limb movements, tics, myoclonus, chorea, essential tremor, and cervical dystonia-are presented. Discussion of each case focuses on a practical approach to recognizing the important clinical features of each movement disorder as well as the current therapeutic options. A detailed discussion of botulinum toxin follows the case on cervical dystonia, focusing on its mechanism of action, clinical indications, side effects, and dosing.

REFERENCES

• 1 Walters A S. The International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group: toward a better definition of the restless legs syndrome.  Mov Disord . 1995;  10 634-642
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 2 Allen R P, Pichietti D, Hening W A. et al . Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology: a report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health.  Sleep Med . 2003;  4 101-119
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 3 Evidente V GH, Adler C H. How to help patients with restless legs syndrome: discerning the indescribable and relaxing the restless.  Postgrad Med . 1999;  105 59-74
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 4 Evidente V GH, Esteban R, Domingo F, Carbajal L, Parazo M. Piribedil as an adjunct to levodopa in advanced Parkinson's disease: the Asian experience (in press).  Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2003.
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 5 Evidente V GH, Adler C H, Caviness J N, Gwinn-Hardy K. Amantadine is beneficial in restless legs syndrome.  Mov Disord . 2000;  15 324-327
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 6 Evidente V GH. Is it a tic or Tourette's?.  <~>Clues for differentiating simple from more complex tic disorders. Postgrad Med . 2000;  108 175-182
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 7 Sallee F R, Kurlan R, Goetz C G. et al . Ziprasidone treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome: a pilot study.  J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry . 2000;  39 292-299
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 8 Jimenez-Jimenez F J, Garcia-Ruiz P J. Pharmacologic options for the treatment of Tourette's disorder.  Drugs . 2001;  61 2207-2220
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 9 Kwak C H, Hanna P A, Jankovic J. Botulinum toxin in the treatment of tics.  Arch Neurol . 2000;  57 1190-1193
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 10 Caviness J N. Myoclonus.  Mayo Clin Proc . 1996;  71 679-688
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 11 Marsden C D, Hallett M, Fahn S. The nosology and pathophysiology of myoclonus. In: Marsden CD, Fahn S, eds. Movement Disorders London: Butterworth 1982: 196-248
  Google Scholar
• 12 Brown P. Myoclonus: a practical guide to drug therapy.  CNS Drugs . 1995;  3 22-29
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 13 Shoulson I. On chorea.  Clin Neuropharmacol . 1986;  9 (suppl 2) S85-S99
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 14 Weiner W J, Lang A E. Huntington's disease. In: Movement Disorders, a Comprehensive Survey Mount Kisco, NY: Futura 1989: 293-346
  Google Scholar
• 15 Hubble J P. Essential tremor: diagnosis and treatment. In: Adler CH, Ahlskog JE, eds. Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for the Practicing Physician Totowa, NJ: Humana Press 2000: 283-295
  Google Scholar
• 16 Adler C H. Differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.  Med Clin North Am . 1999;  83 349-367
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 17 Adler C H. Botulinum toxin treatment of movement disorders. In: Adler CH, Ahlskog JE, eds. Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for the Practicing Physician Totowa, NJ: Humana Press 2000: 385-394
  Google Scholar
• 18 Tarsy D. Dystonia. In: Adler CH, Ahlskog JE, eds. Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for the Practicing Physician Totowa, NJ: Humana Press 2000: 297-319
  Google Scholar
• 19 Johnson E A. Biomedical aspects of botulinum toxin.  J Toxicol Toxin Rev . 1999;  18 1-15
  PubMedGoogle Scholar