Distal Peroneus Longus Dislocation and Pseudohypertrophy of the Peroneal Tubercle: A Systematic Review
Section snippets
Search Strategy
To find an overview of available literature for peroneal tendon lesions at the peroneal tubercle, we systematically searched the PubMed/MEDLINE database via Reference Manager and the Cochrane Library Database electronically from the earliest dates up to November 4, 2017. We searched titles and abstracts for the terms (peroneal) OR (peroneus) OR (peronaeus) AND (rupture) OR (tear) OR (dislocation) OR (sprain) OR (subluxation) OR (tenosynovitis) AND (tubercle) OR (trochlea). Inclusion criteria
Results
The electronic literature search identified 40 articles (Fig.). Citation tracking and reference checking revealed 2 additional articles that were possibly relevant. Seventeen articles were included in the final analyses. Overall, 14 articles described 25 patients (26 cases) with peroneal tendon lesions associated with peroneal tubercle hypertrophy (Table 1). Three articles described peroneus longus dislocations over a normal-sized peroneal trochlea in 5 patients (11, 12, 13). With the addition
Discussion
The most important finding of this study is that 2 different peroneal tendon pathologies can rarely occur at the peroneal tubercle, both leading to lateral heel pain and peroneal tenosynovitis. First, an enlarged peroneal tubercle seems to be the underlying cause of peroneal tendon compression, friction, longitudinal tears (split lesions), and impingement at the peroneal tubercle. Second, an even smaller group of exclusively athletic patients can injure the inferior peroneal retinaculum,
Acknowledgments
The author is grateful to Mrs Erika Rademacher and Mrs Denise Rademacher for their valuable help in professional language editing of the manuscript as native English speakers.
The author thanks Elisabeth Unger (Cand. med.) and Leif Lohrer (Cand. med.) for their statistical support.
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Financial Disclosure: No financial support was obtained for this study.
Conflict of Interest: There are no conflicts of interest related to the project on this report is based.