Taste-active components were determined for a typical first-grade Vietnamese fish sauce Nuoc mam, of which total content of extractive compounds reached as high as 20 g/100 mL. A complete synthetic extract prepared from 35 compounds according to the analytical data reproduced almost satisfactorily the taste of the original fish sauce. From the synthetic extract, 11 compounds were identified to be the taste-active components by a series of omission and addition tests. The components consisted of glutamic and aspartic acids, threonine, alanine, valine, histidine, proline, tyrosine, cystine, methionine, and pyroglutamic acid. The most effective compound for recreating the characteristic flavor of fish sauce was glutamic acid, followed by pyroglutamic acid and alanine. Many of these components contribute to umami, sweetness, and overall taste of fish sauce. Even though the simplified 11-component extract reproduced the taste of fish sauce, the taste strength was weaker than that of the complete synthetic extract or fish sauce itself.

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