* Corresponding authors

^a Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
E-mail: ran@njust.edu.cn

^b High Performance Computing Department, National Supercomputing Center in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China

^c Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel

^d Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden

^e Medical and Biological Physics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia

^f Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden

^g Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Materials and Environmental chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden

^h Center of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi 700469, Romania

ⁱ State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China

^j Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Institute of Physics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany