Issue 18, 2021

Cationization of neutral small molecules by site-specific carboxylation of 10-phenyl-10H-phenothiazine in laser desorption/ionization

Abstract

It is a pre-requisite to ionize analyte molecules efficiently for detection by laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Here, we report a conceptual demonstration of cationizing neutral small molecules which are typically difficult to be ionized with the traditional organic matrices due to their low proton/cation affinity values. Our strategy features generating radical cations from site-specifically carboxylated 10-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10H-phenothiazine-3,7-dicarboxylic acid (PTZ(A)2-Ph(A)) with a laser, and anchoring the chlorine ion from NaCl through covalent bond-like bridging interactions with the N/S atoms in the heterocyclic structure. This “Maverick” design allows a dramatic change of the energy landscape of analyte sodiation with an enhanced efficiency. We have synthesized two families of compounds based on the model structures of phenothiazine (PTZ) and phenoxazine (PXZ) and their carboxylated derivatives, and performed comparison between them or against the traditional organic matrices in a systematic format. We have demonstrated that PTZ(A)2-Ph(A) is outstanding as a novel MALDI matrix for the detection of oligosaccharides and amino acids, with an ultra-clean background baseline and high signal-to-noise ratios (up to dozens of times better than the traditional matrices). This work provides a new method for the cationization of neutral small molecules in a distinct mechanism, inspiring the development of next-generation matrices for sensitive detection of hard-to-be-ionized molecules by MALDI MS.

Graphical abstract: Cationization of neutral small molecules by site-specific carboxylation of 10-phenyl-10H-phenothiazine in laser desorption/ionization

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
23 Jun 2021
Accepted
03 Aug 2021
First published
03 Aug 2021

Analyst, 2021,146, 5533-5541

Cationization of neutral small molecules by site-specific carboxylation of 10-phenyl-10H-phenothiazine in laser desorption/ionization

C. Ma, T. Yu, Y. Liu, R. Shi, R. Lv, R. Guo, Q. Cao, G. Dai, Y. Zhao and J. Liu, Analyst, 2021, 146, 5533 DOI: 10.1039/D1AN01111A

To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.

Social activity

Spotlight

Advertisements