Synthesis of TiO2−x/W18O49 hollow double-shell and core–shell microspheres for CO2 photoreduction under visible light†
Jeannie Z. Y.
Tan, 
*a
Stelios
Gavrielides,
a
Meltiani
Belekoukia,
a
Warren A.
Thompson,
a
Leila
Negahdar,
bc
M. Mercedes
Maroto-Valer
a
and
Andrew M.
Beale
bc
*a
Stelios
Gavrielides,
a
Meltiani
Belekoukia,
a
Warren A.
Thompson,
a
Leila
Negahdar,
bc
M. Mercedes
Maroto-Valer
a
and
Andrew M.
Beale
bc
Abstract
TiO2−x/W18O49 with core–shell or double-shelled hollow microspheres were synthesized through a facile multi-step solvothermal method. The formation of the hollow microspheres with a double-shell was a result of the Kirkendall effect during the solvothermal treatment with concentrated NaOH. The advanced architecture significantly enhanced the electronic properties of TiO2−x/W18O49, improving by more than 30 times the CO2 photoreduction efficiency compared to the pristine W18O49. Operando DRIFTS measurements revealed that the yellow TiO2−x was a preferable CO2 adsorption and conversion site.
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