Abstract
The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) is one of three Panels of experts that inform the Parties to the Montreal Protocol. The EEAP focuses on the effects of UV radiation on human health, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, air quality, and materials, as well as on the interactive effects of UV radiation and global climate change. When considering the effects of climate change, it has become clear that processes resulting in changes in stratospheric ozone are more complex than previously held. Because of the Montreal Protocol, there are now indications of the beginnings of a recovery of stratospheric ozone, although the time required to reach levels like those before the 1960s is still uncertain, particularly as the effects of stratospheric ozone on climate change and vice versa, are not yet fully understood. Some regions will likely receive enhanced levels of UV radiation, while other areas will likely experience a reduction in UV radiation as ozone- and climate-driven changes affect the amounts of UV radiation reaching the Earth’s surface. Like the other Panels, the EEAP produces detailed Quadrennial Reports every four years; the most recent was published as a series of seven papers in 2015 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2015, 14,1-184). In the years in between, the EEAP produces less detailed and shorter Update Reports of recent and relevant scientific findings. The most recent of these was for 2016 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2017, 16, 107-145). The present 2017 Update Report assesses some of the highlights and new insights about the interactive nature of the direct and indirect effects of UV radiation, atmospheric processes, and climate change. A full 2018 Quadrennial Assessment, will be made available in 2018/2019.
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References
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Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the following
Generous contributions by UNEP/Ozone Secretariat and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) for the convened author meeting. Generous support by UNEP for the following authors is also acknowledged: Pieter Aucamp, Amy Austin, Carlos Bailaré, Krishna Pandey, and Seyhan Yazar (also supported by the Australia National Health and Medical Research Council Early Career CJ Martin Fellowship). Support by the U.S. Giobai Change Research Program is gratefuiiy acknow-iedged for the foiiowing: Anthony Andrady, Paui Barnes (aiso supported by the Loyola University J. H. Mullahy Endowment in Environmentai Bioiogy), Germar Bernhard (aiso supported by Biospherical Instruments Inc.), Janice Longstreth, Sasha Madronich, Craig Wiiiiamson (aiso supported by Miami University and Ohio Eminent Schoiar funding), and Kevin Rose was supported by the Nationai Science Foundation Macrosystems Bioiogy and Eariy NEON Science grant EF 1638704. Matthew Robson was funded by the Department of Biosciences, University of Heisinki, Finiand and by the Academy of Finland decision #304519; Donat Häder, by the Bundesministerium für Umweit, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit; Samuei Hyiander, by the Swedish Environmentai Protection Agency; Patrick Neaie, in part by the Smithsonian Institution and US Nationai Science Foundation Grant DEB-1655622; Sten-Âke Wängberg, by the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management; Rose Cory, by NSF CAREER 1351745; and Anu Heikkiiä, by the Worid Meteoroiogicai Organization, Giobai Atmosphere Watch; Richard Zepp, by the National Exposure Research Laboratory, Exposure Methods & Measurement Division, U.S. Environmentai Protection Agency; Nigei Paui by the UK Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs; Stephen Wiison, by the Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, Universityof Woiiongong (Austraiia); and Sharon Robinson, by a University of Woiiongong Giobai Chaiienges Program. Aikiviadis Bais was supported by the Greek Generai Secretariat for Research and Technoiogy; Richard McKenzie was funded by the New Zealand Government’s Ministry for the Environment through the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Empioyment; Rachei Neaie and Robyn Lucas receive saiary funding from the Nationai Heaith and Medicai Research Councii (Austraiia).
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Bais, A.F., Lucas, R.M., Bornman, J.F. et al. Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017. Photochem Photobiol Sci 17, 127–179 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/c7pp90043k
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c7pp90043k