Synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene–PdCl2–(iso)quinoline complexes and their application in arylamination at low catalyst loadings†
Abstract
A new type of N-heterocyclic carbene–PdCl2–(iso)quinoline complexes 3 were successfully achieved in acceptable to good yields from easily available starting materials under mild conditions, and their structures were unambiguously confirmed using X-ray single crystal diffraction. Furthermore, their catalytic activity toward Buchwald–Hartwig arylamination of aryl chlorides with primary and secondary amines was fully tested. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the expected arylated amines can be obtained in high to excellent yields at low catalyst loadings (0.005–0.05 mol%). It may be worth noting here that comparison of these complexes with other well-defined and easily available NHC–Pd(II) complexes bearing different N-containing ancillary ligands was also carried out, showing their superior catalytic activity over all others.
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