Carbon-coated rhombohedral Li3V2(PO4)3 as both cathode and anode materials for lithium-ion batteries: electrochemical performance and lithium storage mechanism

Zelang Jian; Wenze Han; Yanliang Liang; Yucheng Lan; Zheng Fang; Yong-Sheng Hu; Yan Yao

doi:10.1039/C4TA04630G

Carbon-coated rhombohedral Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ as both cathode and anode materials for lithium-ion batteries: electrochemical performance and lithium storage mechanism†

Zelang Jian,‡^a Wenze Han,‡^b Yanliang Liang,^a Yucheng Lan,^c Zheng Fang,^d Yong-Sheng Hu^d and Yan Yao*^ae

* Corresponding authors

^a Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
E-mail: yyao4@uh.edu

^b China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China

^c Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA

^d Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

^e Texas Center for Superconductivity at The University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA

Abstract

We report the electrochemical performance and storage mechanism of a symmetrical lithium-ion battery made of carbon-coated rhombohedral Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ (r-LVP/C) as both the cathode and anode materials. The electrochemical evaluation of r-LVP/C in lithium half-cells demonstrates reversible lithium extraction/insertion reactions at 3.75 V and average 1.75 V vs. Li⁺/Li. Different storage mechanisms for the two reactions have been identified through ex situ and in situ X-ray diffraction measurements. A two-phase reaction takes place when two Li are extracted from r-LVP/C, while a solid-solution reaction occurs when two Li are inserted into r-LVP/C. In comparison, only one Na ion can be inserted into its sodium counterpart, Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃. Symmetrical batteries presented a high capacity of 120 mA h g⁻¹ with an operating voltage of ∼2.0 V.

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Article information

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA04630G
Article type: Paper
Submitted: 09 Sep 2014
Accepted: 05 Oct 2014
First published: 09 Oct 2014

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J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014,2, 20231-20236

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Carbon-coated rhombohedral Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ as both cathode and anode materials for lithium-ion batteries: electrochemical performance and lithium storage mechanism

Z. Jian, W. Han, Y. Liang, Y. Lan, Z. Fang, Y. Hu and Y. Yao, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014, 2, 20231 DOI: 10.1039/C4TA04630G

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Journal of Materials Chemistry A