Pd(II) nanoparticles in porous polystyrene: factors influencing the nanoparticle size and catalytic properties

Irina B. Tsvetkova; Valentina G. Matveeva; Valentin Y. Doluda; Alexei V. Bykov; Alexander I. Sidorov; Sergey V. Schennikov; Michael G. Sulman; Pyotr M. Valetsky; Barry D. Stein; Chun-Hsing Chen; Esther M. Sulman; Lyudmila M. Bronstein

doi:10.1039/C2JM30634D

Pd(ii) nanoparticles in porous polystyrene: factors influencing the nanoparticle size and catalytic properties†

Irina B. Tsvetkova,^a Valentina G. Matveeva,^b Valentin Y. Doluda,^b Alexei V. Bykov,^b Alexander I. Sidorov,^b Sergey V. Schennikov,^b Michael G. Sulman,^bc Pyotr M. Valetsky,^c Barry D. Stein,^d Chun-Hsing Chen,^a Esther M. Sulman^b and Lyudmila M. Bronstein*^a

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* Corresponding authors

^a Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
E-mail: lybronst@indiana.edu
Fax: +1-812-855-8300
Tel: +1-812-855-3727

^b Tver State Technical University, Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, 22 A. Nikitina St, Tver, Russia

^c A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, 28 Vavilov St., Moscow 119991, Russia

^d Indiana University, Department of Biology, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA

Abstract

In this paper for the first time we present a systematic study of the influence of hydrophobicity of Pd(II) compounds, (CH₃CN)₂PdCl₂, (PhCN)₂PdCl₂, (Sty)(CH₃CN)PdCl₂, and (StyPdCl₂)₂, on nanoparticle (NP) formation in the pores of hydrophobic micro/mesoporous hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HPS). The morphology and composition of HPS–Pd nanocomposites were studied using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and liquid nitrogen physisorption. The size and location of Pd compound NPs were found to depend on hydrophobicity of the Pd(II) environment. Catalytic testing of these nanocomposites in D-glucose oxidation was carried out to illustrate the influence of nanoparticle size and environment on catalytic activity. The highest catalytic activity was achieved for (Sty)(CH₃CN)PdCl₂, forming smallest NPs and allowing an optimal hydrophobicity–hydrophilicity balance with HPS.

Journal of Materials Chemistry

Pd(ii) nanoparticles in porous polystyrene: factors influencing the nanoparticle size and catalytic properties†

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Pd(II) nanoparticles in porous polystyrene: factors influencing the nanoparticle size and catalytic properties

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