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Electrostatic grafting of a triphenylphosphine sulfonate on SBA-15: application in palladium catalyzed hydrogenation†
Abstract
A novel strategy for the immobilization of a sulfonate functionalized triphenylphosphine ligand by ion–ion interactions on an imidazolium modified SBA-15 is presented. A support containing electrostatically grafted triphenylphosphine as the ligand was reacted with PdCl2(CNPh)2 and the resulting hybrid material catalyzed olefin hydrogenation under mild conditions. The catalyst exhibits excellent activity, selectivity and stability and it can be reused for at least ten times without any loss of activity. An analogous but covalently grafted palladium system does not show any hydrogenation activity under the same conditions. TEM images of the used catalyst clearly prove the absence of palladium nanoparticles. Additionally, XPS investigations prove that palladium(0) is formed and the phosphine is oxidized. By AAS no palladium contamination down to 0.5 × 10−4 mmol could be detected in the products and further leaching tests verified the reaction to be truly heterogeneous. This concept of non-covalent immobilization guarantees a tight bonding of the catalytically active species to the surface in combination with a high mobility, which should be favorable for other catalyses, too.
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