Nano-propping effect of residual silicas on reversible lithium storage over highly ordered mesoporous SnO2 materials

Jeong Kuk Shon; Hansu Kim; Soo Sung Kong; Seong Hee Hwang; Tae Hee Han; Ji Man Kim; Chanho Pak; Seokgwang Doo; Hyuk Chang

doi:10.1039/B905743A

Nano-propping effect of residual silicas on reversible lithium storage over highly ordered mesoporous SnO₂ materials†

Jeong Kuk Shon,^a Hansu Kim,^b Soo Sung Kong,^a Seong Hee Hwang,^a Tae Hee Han,^c Ji Man Kim,*^a Chanho Pak,*^b Seokgwang Doo^b and Hyuk Chang^b

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a Department of Chemistry, BK21 School of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Energy Science and SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
E-mail: jimankim@skku.edu
Fax: +82 31 299 4174
Tel: +82 31 290 5930

^b Energy Lab, Emerging Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., PO Box 111, Suwon, Republic of Korea
E-mail: chanho.pak@samsung.com
Fax: +82 31 280 6884
Tel: +82 31 280 9359

^c Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea

Abstract

Highly ordered mesoporous SnO₂ materials with residual silica species were successfully synthesized from a mesoporous silica template (SBA-15) via nano-replication and simple etching processes. A tin precursor, SnCl₂·2H₂O, was infiltrated spontaneously within the mesopores of the silica templates by melting the precursor at 353 K without using a solvent. After the heat-treatment of composite materials at 973 K under static air conditions, the controlled removal of silica templates using NaOH or HF solutions with different concentrations results in the successful preparation of mesoporous SnO₂ materials, where the amounts of residual silica species are in the range 0.9–17.4 wt%. The residual silica species induce a nano-propping effect enabling the mesoporous SnO₂ material (containing 6.0 wt% of silica species) to remain stable up to 973 K without any significant structural collapse. More importantly, the optimum amount of residual silica species (3.9–6.0 wt%) results in a dramatic reduction in capacity fading after prolonged charging–discharging cycles in Li-ion battery. The mesoporous SnO₂ material with 3.9 wt% of silica species still exhibits a large capacity (about 600 mAh g⁻¹) after the 30^th cycle, which is probably because the residual silica species act as a physical barrier to suppress the aggregation of Sn clusters formed in the mesoporous SnO₂ materials during the reversible lithium storage.

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Article information

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/B905743A
Article type: Paper
Submitted: 23 Mar 2009
Accepted: 10 Jun 2009
First published: 17 Jul 2009

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J. Mater. Chem., 2009,19, 6727-6732

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Nano-propping effect of residual silicas on reversible lithium storage over highly ordered mesoporous SnO₂ materials

J. K. Shon, H. Kim, S. S. Kong, S. H. Hwang, T. H. Han, J. M. Kim, C. Pak, S. Doo and H. Chang, J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 6727 DOI: 10.1039/B905743A

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