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Bacteriorhodopsin-like proteins of eubacteria and fungi: the extent of conservation of the haloarchaeal proton-pumping mechanism

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Abstract

A stereotypical image of a retinal-binding proton pump derived from extensive studies of halobacterial ion-transporting and sensory rhodopsins is a fast-cycling protein which possesses two strategically placed carboxylic acids serving as proton donor and acceptor for the retinal Schiff base. We review recent biophysical and bioinformatic data on the novel eubacterial and eucaryotic rhodopsins to analyze the extent of conservation of the haloarchaeal mechanism of transmembrane proton transport. We show that only the most essential elements of the haloarchaeal proton-pumping machinery are conserved universally, and that a mere presence of these elements in primary structures does not guarantee the proton-pumping ability.

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Abbreviations

BR:

bacteriorhodopsin

HR:

halorhodopsin

SR:

halobacterial sensory rhodopsin

PR:

proteorhodopsin

GPR:

green-absorbing

PR:

BPR, blue-absorbing PR

NR:

Neurospora rhodopsin

LR:

Leptosphaeria rhodopsin

ORP:

opsin-related protein.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada

    Leonid S. Brown

  2. Department of Life Science and Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Shinsu-Dong 1 Mapo-Gu, Seoul, 121-742, Korea

    Kwang-Hwan Jung

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  1. Leonid S. Brown
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  2. Kwang-Hwan Jung
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Correspondence to Leonid S. Brown.

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† This paper was published as part of the special issue on Proton Transfer in Biological Systems.

Leonid S. Brown is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Ontario. He obtained his PhD in Biophysics from Moscow State University, Russia, and received postgraduate training at the University of California, Irvine. His early research focused on spectroscopic studies of bacteriorhodopsin and currently he is working on new microbial rhodopsins of eucaryotic and eubacterial origin.

Kwang-Hwan Jung received his PhD at University of Texas-Houston Medical School and worked on the mechanism of phototaxis signaling in Archaea. As a post-doctoral fellow, he initiated research on newly found microbial rhodopsins in cyanobacteria and algae with Dr John Spudich. Since March 2004, he has held a position of an Assistant Professor at Sogang University, Seoul.

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Brown, L.S., Jung, KH. Bacteriorhodopsin-like proteins of eubacteria and fungi: the extent of conservation of the haloarchaeal proton-pumping mechanism. Photochem Photobiol Sci 5, 538–546 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1039/b514537f

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