Issue 26, 2021

Resin-supported iridium complex for low-temperature vanillin hydrogenation using formic acid in water

Abstract

Biorefinery seeks to utilize biomass waste streams as a source of chemical precursors with which to feed the chemical industry. This goal seeks to replace petroleum as the main feedstock, however this task requires the development of efficient catalysts capable of transforming substances derived from biomass into useful chemical products. In this study, we demonstrate that a highly-active iridium complex can be solid-supported and used as a low-temperature catalyst for both the decomposition of formic acid (FA) to produce hydrogen, and as a hydrogenation catalyst to produce vanillyl alcohol (VA) and 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (MMP) from vanillin (V); a lignin-derived feedstock. These hydrogenation products are promising precursors for epoxy resins and thus demonstrate an approach for their production without the need for petroleum. In contrast to other catalysts that require temperatures exceeding 100 °C, here we accomplish this at a temperature of <50 °C in water under autogenous pressure. This approach provides an avenue towards biorefinery with lower energy demands, which is central to the decentralization and broad implementation. We found that the high activity of the iridium complex transfers to the solid-support and is capable of accelerating the rate determining step; the decomposition of FA into hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The yield of both VA and MMP can be independently tuned depending on the temperature. The simplicity of this approach expands the utility of molecular metal complexes and provides new catalyst opportunities in biorefinery.

Graphical abstract: Resin-supported iridium complex for low-temperature vanillin hydrogenation using formic acid in water

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
23 Feb 2021
Accepted
14 Apr 2021
First published
28 Apr 2021
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

RSC Adv., 2021,11, 15835-15840

Resin-supported iridium complex for low-temperature vanillin hydrogenation using formic acid in water

C. A. Smith, F. Brandi, M. Al-Naji and R. Guterman, RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 15835 DOI: 10.1039/D1RA01460A

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given.

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