Upconversion in molecular hetero-nonanuclear lanthanide complexes in solution†
Richard C.
Knighton, 
‡a
Lohona K.
Soro,
‡a
Alexandra
Fateeva,
b
Laura
Francés-Soriano,
c
Niko
Hildebrandt
cd
and
Loïc J.
Charbonnière
*a
‡a
Lohona K.
Soro,
‡a
Alexandra
Fateeva,
b
Laura
Francés-Soriano,
c
Niko
Hildebrandt
cd
and
Loïc J.
Charbonnière
*a
Abstract
Here we show that nonanuclear lanthanide complexes respresent a new class of solution state upconversion (UC) molecules. For a composition of one Tb per eight Yb the nonanuclear complexes display a very efficient UC phenomenon with Tb luminescence in the visible region upon 980 nm NIR excitation of Yb. An unprecedented value of 1.0 × 10−7 was obtained for the UC efficiency at only 2.86 W cm−2, demonstrating these new molecular complexes to be up to 26 times more efficient than the best current molecular systems, the UC being observed down to a concentration of 10 nM.
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