Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD), a downstream effector of protein kinase C (PKC), is implicated in suppression of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, however, its mechanism of action is unclear. Transphosphorylation of the PKD activation loop at serines 744/748 by a PKC mediated signal transduction pathway enhances its catalytic activity. Here we show that PKD activation loop phosphorylation at serines 744/748 via PKC, or mutation of these serines to glutamic acid (PKD-S744/748E) also results in complex formation with JNK, indicating that suppression of JNK signaling by PKD involves a direct interaction with JNK. Because catalytically active PKD associates with JNK we determined whether it could phosphorylate the c-Jun N-terminus as a potential mechanism by which it suppresses c-Jun Ser 63 phosphorylation when it complexes with JNK. Purified human PKD and either wild-type PKD from phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate (PDB)-stimulated cells or unstimulated constitutively active PKD (PKD-S744/748E), phosphorylated the c-Jun N-terminus between amino acids 1–89 at sites distinct from those phosphorylated by JNK. These results demonstrate, for the first time, phosphorylation dependent association of PKD with another signaling molecule and reveal a potential mechanism by which PKD could modulate the ability of JNK to phosphorylate c-Jun by phosphorylating alternative sites in the c-Jun N-terminus when it is complexed with JNK.
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Acknowledgements
We thank J Sinnett-Smith and O Rey for helpful discussions and R Chiu for providing the HA-JNK1 expression plasmid. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants DK55003, DK56930 and National Cancer Institute Grant P50 CA90388-01. R Waldron is the recipient of a Mentored Research Scientist Career Development Award, K01 DK 02834-01. E Rozengurt is the Ronald S. Hirshberg Professor of Translational Pancreatic Cancer Research.
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Hurd, C., Waldron, R. & Rozengurt, E. Protein kinase D complexes with C-Jun N-terminal kinase via activation loop phosphorylation and phosphorylates the C-Jun N-terminus. Oncogene 21, 2154–2160 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1205290
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1205290
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