Abstract
The translational power of human microbiome studies is limited by high interindividual variation. We describe a dimensionality reduction tool, compositional tensor factorization (CTF), that incorporates information from the same host across multiple samples to reveal patterns driving differences in microbial composition across phenotypes. CTF identifies robust patterns in sparse compositional datasets, allowing for the detection of microbial changes associated with specific phenotypes that are reproducible across datasets.
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Data availability
The sequences and biome tables for the IBD, ECAM, DIABIMMUNE and AGP datasets can be found on Qiita (http://qiita.microbio.me) under study IDs 1629, 10249, 11884 and 10317 and at EBI or BioProject under ERP020401, ERP016173, PRJNA290381 and ERP012803.
Code availability
The CTF codebase named Gemelli is a fully unit tested open-source python package, and is installable through pip or conda. Additionally, CTF is wrapped in a QIIME2 plugin: https://github.com/biocore/gemelli; all the code and analyses are available in the ‘Code Ocean’ capsule: https://doi.org/10.24433/CO.5938114.v1.
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Acknowledgements
This work was partially supported by the EMCH fund for human microbiome studies, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health 2019-0350 (R.K.), the Emerald Foundation 3022 (R.K.), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Pioneer award grant no. 1DP1AT010885 (R.K.), National Institute of Justice grant no. 2016-DN-BX-4194 (R.K.), San Diego Digestive Diseases Research Center NIDDK grant no. 1P30DK120515 (R.K.) and Janssen Pharmaceuticals grant no. 20175015 (R.K.). C.A.M. was funded by the NIDCR (grant no. 1F31DE028478-01). E.H. and L.S were partially supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. 1705197) and by NIH grant no. 1R56MD013312. E.H. was also partially supported by grants no. NIH/NHGRI HG010505-02, NIH 1R01MH115979, NIH 5R25GM112625 and NIH 5UL1TR001881. M.G.D.-B. was funded in part by the C&D Research Fund.
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C.M., L.S. and R.K. conceived, initiated and coordinated the project. C.M., L.S., D.M. and Y.V.-B. coordinated, compiled and performed analysis. C.M., C.A.M. and G.A. wrote the code for CTF. C.M., L.S. and C.A.M. wrote the manuscript. J.T.M, A.D.S. and M.G.D.-B. provided essential discussion and advice. E.H. and R.K. supervised the project. All authors discussed the experiments and results, read and approved the manuscript.
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Supplementary Discussion, Figs. 1–6, Tables 1–3 and References.
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Martino, C., Shenhav, L., Marotz, C.A. et al. Context-aware dimensionality reduction deconvolutes gut microbial community dynamics. Nat Biotechnol 39, 165–168 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-020-0660-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-020-0660-7
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