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A tripartite view of the posterior cingulate cortex

Nature Reviews Neuroscience volume 24, pages 173–189 (2023)Cite this article

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Abstract

The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is one of the least understood regions of the cerebral cortex. By contrast, the anterior cingulate cortex has been the subject of intensive investigation in humans and model animal systems, leading to detailed behavioural and computational theoretical accounts of its function. The time is right for similar progress to be made in the PCC given its unique anatomical and physiological properties and demonstrably important contributions to higher cognitive functions and brain diseases. Here, we describe recent progress in understanding the PCC, with a focus on convergent findings across species and techniques that lay a foundation for establishing a formal theoretical account of its functions. Based on this converging evidence, we propose that the broader PCC region contains three major subregions — the dorsal PCC, ventral PCC and retrosplenial cortex — that respectively support the integration of executive, mnemonic and spatial processing systems. This tripartite subregional view reconciles inconsistencies in prior unitary theories of PCC function and offers promising new avenues for progress.

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Fig. 1: Comparative anatomy of the PCC.
Fig. 2: Functional neuroimaging of the PCC.
Fig. 3: Electrophysiology of the PCC.

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Data availability

The Neurosynth data for the term-based meta-analyses shown in Fig. 2 are available at https://neurosynth.org/analyses/terms/.

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Acknowledgements

B.L.F. is supported by NIH R01MH129439 and NIH R01MH116914; B.Y.H. is supported by NIH R01DA038615 and R01MH125377; S.R.H. is supported by NIH R01MH118257.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Brett L. Foster & Seth R. Koslov

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    Lyndsey Aponik-Gremillion

  3. Department of Health Sciences, Dumke College for Health Professionals, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA

    Lyndsey Aponik-Gremillion

  4. Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Megan E. Monko, Benjamin Y. Hayden & Sarah R. Heilbronner

  5. Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Center for Neural Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Benjamin Y. Hayden

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Contributions

All authors contributed to researching data for the article and writing the article. B.L.F., S.R.K., S.R.H. and B.Y.H. contributed significantly to discussion of article content and reviewed and/or edited the article.

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Correspondence to Brett L. Foster.

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Supplementary information

Glossary

Brodmann’s maps

Maps of distinct cytoarchitectural areas in the human cerebral cortex created by Korbinian Brodmann in 1909.

Connectivity hub

A node within a network that is connected to many other nodes.

Episodic memory

Conscious memory for prior lived experiences and events in the recent and remote past.

Executive control

Higher level cognitive functions allowing and supporting the control of other cognitive processes.

Familiarity

Memory recognition that lacks conscious details of past items or events.

Recollection

Memory retrieval involving conscious details of past events.

Reinstatement

The reoccurrence of brain activity patterns associated with a prior stimulus or behaviour.

Resting-state activity

Spontaneous physiological brain activity during the absence of explicitly instructed task requirements.

Saccade

Rapid and short movements of the eyes to a new point of visual focus.

Self-referential cognition

Cognitive processes focused on consideration of or in relation to oneself.

Temporal receptive window

The length of time before a neural response during which sensory information may affect that response.

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Foster, B.L., Koslov, S.R., Aponik-Gremillion, L. et al. A tripartite view of the posterior cingulate cortex. Nat Rev Neurosci 24, 173–189 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-022-00661-x

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