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Tuning of the Berry curvature in 2D perovskite polaritons

Nature Nanotechnology volume 16, pages 1349–1354 (2021)Cite this article

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An Author Correction to this article was published on 12 November 2021

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Abstract

The engineering of the energy dispersion of polaritons in microcavities through nanofabrication or through the exploitation of intrinsic material and cavity anisotropies has demonstrated many intriguing effects related to topology and emergent gauge fields such as the anomalous quantum Hall and Rashba effects. Here we show how we can obtain different Berry curvature distributions of polariton bands in a strongly coupled organic–inorganic two-dimensional perovskite single-crystal microcavity. The spatial anisotropy of the perovskite crystal combined with photonic spin–orbit coupling produce two Hamilton diabolical points in the dispersion. An external magnetic field breaks time-reversal symmetry owing to the exciton Zeeman splitting and lifts the degeneracy of the diabolical points. As a result, the bands possess non-zero integral Berry curvatures, which we directly measure by state tomography. In addition to the determination of the different Berry curvatures of the multimode microcavity dispersions, we can also modify the Berry curvature distribution, the so-called band geometry, within each band by tuning external parameters, such as temperature, magnetic field and sample thickness.

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Fig. 1: Sample structure and polarized photoluminescence dispersion of a 2D perovskite-based microcavity.
Fig. 2: Breaking of the TRS with an external magnetic field.
Fig. 3: Berry curvature k-space distribution at low temperature.
Fig. 4: Tuning of the maximum value of the Berry curvature (B0).

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are available in the Open Science Framework (OSF) repository via the following link: https://osf.io/x5h7v/?view_only=6a9fa8e1568343f797ec5a76d4626fe1

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge P. Cazzato for technical support, I. Tarantini for metal evaporation, and D. Gerace and A. Gianfrate for useful discussions. We acknowledge the project PRIN Interacting Photons in Polariton Circuits (INPhoPOL) (Ministry of University and Scientific Research (MIUR), 2017P9FJBS_001), the project TECNOMED—Tecnopolo di Nanotecnologia e Fotonica per la Medicina di Precisione (Ministry of University and Scientific Research (MIUR) Decreto Direttoriale number 3449 of 4 December 2017, CUP B83B17000010001) and the Accordo bilaterale CNR/RFBR (Russia)—triennio 2021–2023. G.G. gratefully acknowledges the project PERSEO-PERrovskite-based Solar cells: Towards High Efficiency and Long-term Stability (Bando PRIN 2015, Italian Ministry of University and Scientific Research (MIUR) Decreto Direttoriale number 2488 of 4 November 2015, project number 20155LECAJ). D.D.S. and G.M. acknowledge the support of the projects EU QUANTOPOL (846353), Quantum Fluids of Light (ANR-16-CE30-0021), ANR Labex GaNEXT (ANR-11-LABX-0014) and ANR programme ‘Investissements d’Avenir’ through the IDEX-ISITE initiative 16-IDEX-0001 (CAP 20-25). Q.X. gratefully acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China (number 12020101003), strong support from the State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and a start-up grant from Tsinghua University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. For theoretical information, contact D.D.S. (dmitry.solnyshkov@uca.fr); for materials information, contact L.D.M. (luisa.demarco@nanotec.cnr.it).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, ‘Ennio de Giorgi’, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy

    Laura Polimeno, Annalisa Coriolano, Marco Pugliese & Giuseppe Gigli

  2. CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy

    Laura Polimeno, Giovanni Lerario, Milena De Giorgi, Luisa De Marco, Lorenzo Dominici, Francesco Todisco, Annalisa Coriolano, Vincenzo Ardizzone, Marco Pugliese, Carmela T. Prontera, Vincenzo Maiorano, Giuseppe Gigli, Dario Ballarini & Daniele Sanvitto

  3. INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Lecce, Italy

    Laura Polimeno & Daniele Sanvitto

  4. Istituto di Cristallografia, CNR, Bari, Italy

    Anna Moliterni & Cinzia Giannini

  5. Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland

    Vincent Olieric

  6. State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China

    Qihua Xiong

  7. Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China

    Qihua Xiong

  8. Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, Singapore

    Antonio Fieramosca

  9. Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    Dmitry D. Solnyshkov & Guillaume Malpuech

  10. Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France

    Dmitry D. Solnyshkov

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  1. Laura Polimeno
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Contributions

L.P. realized the experiments with the help of M.D.G. and G.L. D.S., G.L. and M.D.G. supervised the experimental part with the help of V.A., F.T. and D.B. L.P, L.D.M., A.C., M.P., C.T.P., Q.X., A.F. and V.M. fabricated the samples. A.M. and C.G. carried out the structure characterization by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and V.O. performed X-ray measurements. D.D.S., G.M., G.L. and L.D. performed the treatment of the experimental data. D.D.S. and G.M. performed analytical calculations. L.P., M.D.G., L.D. with the help of G.L. and D.S. wrote the manuscript with input from all the authors. All authors have contributed to the discussion of the work.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Milena De Giorgi, Luisa De Marco or Dmitry D. Solnyshkov.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Peer review information Nature Nanotechnology thanks the anonymous reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.

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Extended data

Extended Data Fig. 1 Temperature dependence.

Comparison of the energy vs the ky in-plane momentum dispersion maps of the photoluminescence intensity at 9 T as function of the temperature of a 3 μm-thick single crystal. As the temperature increases, the exciton moves towards higher energy, inducing the increase of the photonic fractions for all polariton bands. d), e), f) Experimental Berry curvature extracted from the polarization-resolved measurements, for the band 2 at D) 4 K, e) 50 K and D) 100 K. The photonic fraction of the band 1 increases from 0.344 at 4 K to 0.366 at 100 K. g) Asymmetry ratio (ratio between B0 and the maximal Bz value on the axis ky = 0 μm−1) versus temperature. The error bars indicate the measurement uncertainty.

Extended Data Fig. 2 Optical Setup.

Sketch of the optical setup.

Supplementary information

Supplementary Information

Supplementary discussion Sections I–X, Figs. 1–9 and Tables 1–4.

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Polimeno, L., Lerario, G., De Giorgi, M. et al. Tuning of the Berry curvature in 2D perovskite polaritons. Nat. Nanotechnol. 16, 1349–1354 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-021-00977-2

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