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Identifying biological markers for improved precision medicine in psychiatry

Molecular Psychiatry volume 25, pages 243–253 (2020)Cite this article

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Abstract

Mental disorders represent an increasing personal and financial burden and yet treatment development has stagnated in recent decades. Current disease classifications do not reflect psychobiological mechanisms of psychopathology, nor the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, likely contributing to this stagnation. Ten years ago, the longitudinal IMAGEN study was designed to comprehensively incorporate neuroimaging, genetics, and environmental factors to investigate the neural basis of reinforcement-related behavior in normal adolescent development and psychopathology. In this article, we describe how insights into the psychobiological mechanisms of clinically relevant symptoms obtained by innovative integrative methodologies applied in IMAGEN have informed our current and future research aims. These aims include the identification of symptom groups that are based on shared psychobiological mechanisms and the development of markers that predict disease course and treatment response in clinical groups. These improvements in precision medicine will be achieved, in part, by employing novel methodological tools that refine the biological systems we target. We will also implement our approach in low- and medium-income countries to understand how distinct environmental, socioeconomic, and cultural conditions influence the development of psychopathology. Together, IMAGEN and related initiatives strive to reduce the burden of mental disorders by developing precision medicine approaches globally.

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Acknowledgements

This work received support from the following sources: the European Union-funded FP6 Integrated Project IMAGEN (Reinforcement-related behavior in normal brain function and psychopathology) (LSHM-CT- 2007-037286), the Horizon 2020 funded ERC Advanced Grant ‘STRATIFY’ (Brain network based stratification of reinforcement-related disorders) (695313), ERANID (Understanding the Interplay between Cultural, Biological and Subjective Factors in Drug Use Pathways) (PR-ST-0416-10004), BRIDGET (JPND: BRain Imaging, cognition Dementia and next generation GEnomics) (MR/N027558/1), Human Brain Project (HBP SGA 2, 785907), the FP7 project MATRICS (603016), the Medical Research Council Grant ‘c-VEDA’ (Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions) (MR/N000390/1), the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, the Bundesministeriumfür Bildung und Forschung (BMBF grants 01GS08152; 01EV0711; Forschungsnetz AERIAL 01EE1406A, 01EE1406B), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG grants SM 80/7-2, SFB 940/2), the Medical Research Foundation and Medical Research Council (grants MR/R00465X/1 and MR/S020306/1), the National Institute for Health (NIH) funded ENIGMA (grants 5U54EB020403-05 and 1R56AG058854-01). Further support was provided by grants from: ANR (project AF12-NEUR0008-01—WM2NA, and ANR-12-SAMA-0004), the Eranet Neuron (ANR-18-NEUR00002-01), the Fondation de France (00081242), the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (DPA20140629802), the Mission Interministérielle de Lutte-contre-les-Drogues-et-les-Conduites-Addictives (MILDECA), the Assistance-Publique-Hôpitaux-de-Paris and INSERM (interface grant), Paris Sud University IDEX 2012, the Fondation de l’Avenir (grant AP-RM-17-013); the National Institutes of Health, Science Foundation Ireland (16/ERCD/3797), U.S.A. (Axon, Testosterone and Mental Health during Adolescence; RO1 MH085772-01A1), and by NIH Consortium grant U54 EB020403, supported by a cross-NIH alliance that funds Big Data to Knowledge Centres of Excellence.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King’s College London, London, UK

    Erin Burke Quinlan & Sylvane Desrivières

  2. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany

    Tobias Banaschewski, Frauke Nees & Sarah Hohmann

  3. Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK

    Gareth J. Barker

  4. Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

    Arun L. W. Bokde

  5. University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany

    Uli Bromberg, Christian Büchel & Frauke Nees

  6. Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany

    Herta Flor

  7. Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131, Mannheim, Germany

    Herta Flor

  8. NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    Vincent Frouin & Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos

  9. Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA

    Hugh Garavan

  10. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany

    Andreas Heinz & Henrik Walter

  11. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany [or depending on journal requirements can be: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2 - 12, Berlin, Germany

    Rüdiger Brühl

  12. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité; Maison de Solenn, Paris, France

    Jean-Luc Martinot

  13. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging & Psychiatry”, University Paris Sud – Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes; and AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France

    Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot

  14. Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation, Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada

    Tomáš Paus

  15. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany

    Luise Poustka

  16. Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

    Michael N. Smolka & Juliane H. Fröhner

  17. School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland

    Robert Whelan

  18. PONS Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charite Mitte, Humboldt University, Berlin and Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany

    Gunter Schumann

  19. Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China

    Gunter Schumann

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  1. Erin Burke Quinlan
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Correspondence to Erin Burke Quinlan.

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Conflict of interest

TB has served as an advisor or consultant to Actelion, Hexal Pharma, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Desitin Arzneimittel, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Medice, Neurim Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Pfizer, and Shire, UCB, and Vifor Pharma; he has received conference attendance support, conference support, or speaking fees from Eli Lilly, Janssen McNeil, Medice, Novartis, and Shire, and UCB; and he is involved in clinical trials conducted by Eli Lilly, Novartis, and Shire and Viforpharma; he received royalities from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, CIP Medien, Oxford University Press; the present work is unrelated to these relationships. GJB has received honoraria from General Electric Healthcare for teaching on scanner programming courses and acts as a consultant for IXICO. The other authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.

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Quinlan, E.B., Banaschewski, T., Barker, G.J. et al. Identifying biological markers for improved precision medicine in psychiatry. Mol Psychiatry 25, 243–253 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-019-0555-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-019-0555-5

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