Abstract
Morphine, a powerful analgesic, and norepinephrine, the principal neurotransmitter of sympathetic nerves, exert major inhibitory effects on both peripheral and brain neurons by activating distinct cell-surface G protein–coupled receptors—the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and α2A-adrenergic receptor (α2A-AR), respectively. These receptors, either singly or as a heterodimer, activate common signal transduction pathways mediated through the inhibitory G proteins (Gi and Go). Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy, we show that in the heterodimer, the MOR and α2A-AR communicate with each other through a cross-conformational switch that permits direct inhibition of one receptor by the other with subsecond kinetics. We discovered that morphine binding to the MOR triggers a conformational change in the norepinephrine-occupied α2A-AR that inhibits its signaling to Gi and the downstream MAP kinase cascade. These data highlight a new mechanism in signal transduction whereby a G protein–coupled receptor heterodimer mediates conformational changes that propagate from one receptor to the other and cause the second receptor's rapid inactivation.
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Acknowledgements
We thank C. Dess for technical support, M. Bünemann (University of Würzburg) for the plasmids encoding Gαi1YFP, Gβ1 and Gγ2CFP, and F. Ciruela (University of Barcelona) for the cDNA encoding A1RYFP. This research was supported by the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie and the Deutshe Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB487, to M.J.L.), and the Department of Medicine of the Massachusetts General Hospital (to J.-P.V.).
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J.-P.V. designed, performed and supervised experiments and wrote the manuscript with support from M.J.L.; V.O.N. performed most of the experiments and analyzed data with J.-P.V.; K.L. performed and analyzed ERK1/2 assays; S.F. and Z.Z. contributed to experiments; all authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript.
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Vilardaga, JP., Nikolaev, V., Lorenz, K. et al. Conformational cross-talk between α2A-adrenergic and μ-opioid receptors controls cell signaling. Nat Chem Biol 4, 126–131 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.64
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.64
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