Abstract
The difference in magnetic susceptibility of graphite and diamond prompted Raman to postulate the flow of currents around the ring system of graphite in response to an applied magnetic field. The discovery of new carbon allotropes, the fullerenes, has furthered our understanding of this phenomenon and its relationship to aromatic character. C60 and the other fullerenes exhibit both diamagnetic and paramagnetic ring currents, which exert subtle effects on the magnetic properties of these molecules and provide evidence for the existence of π-electrons mobile in three dimensions.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Raman, C. V. Nature 123, 945 (1929).
Ehrenfest, P. Physica 5, 388–391 (1925).
Pauling, L. J. chem. Phys. 4, 673–677 (1936).
Lonsdale, K. Proc. R. Soc. 159, 149–161 (1937).
Van Vleck, J. H. The Theory of Electric and Magnetic Susceptibilities (Oxford Univ. Press, 1965).
Garratt, P. J. Aromaticity (Wiley, New York, 1986).
Minkin, V. I., Glukhovtsev, J. N. & Simkin, B. Y. Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity (Wiley, New York, 1994).
Kroto, H. W., Heath, J. R., O'Brien, S. C., Curl, R. F. & Smalley, R. E. Nature 318, 162–164 (1985).
Smalley, R. E. Chem. Engng News 66(35), 33–35, Aug. 29 (1988).
Elser, V. & Haddon, R. C. Nature 325, 792–794 (1987).
Elser, V. & Haddon, R. C. Phys. Rev. A36, 4579–4584 (1987).
Haigh, C. W. & Mallion, R. B. Prog. NMR Spectrosc. 13, 303–344 (1980).
Krätschmer, W., Lamb, L. D., Fostiropoulos, K. & Huffman, D. R. Nature 347, 354–358 (1990).
Haddon, R. C. et al. Nature 350, 46–47 (1991).
Ruoff, R. S. et al. J. phys. Chem. 95, 3457–3459 (1991).
Hückel, E. Z. Phys. 70, 204–286 (1931).
Hückel, E. Z. Phys. 60, 423–456 (1930).
Haddon, R. C. Acc. chem. Res. 21, 243–249 (1988).
Dauben, H. J., Wilson, J. D. & Laity, J. L. J. Am. chem. Soc. 91, 1991–1998 (1969).
Haddon, R. C. & Elser, V. Chem. Phys. Lett. 169, 362–364 (1990).
Schmaltz, T. G. Chem. Phys. Lett. 175, 3–5 (1990).
Pople, J. A. J. chem. Phys. 24, 1111 (1956).
Pasquarello, A., Schluter, M. & Haddon, R. C. Science 257, 1660–1661 (1992).
Pasquarello, A., Schluter, M. & Haddon, R. C. Phys. Rev. A47, 1783–1789 (1993).
Suzuki, T., Li, Q., Khemani, K. C. & Wudl, F. J. Am. chem. Soc. 114, 7301–7302 (1992).
Prato, M., Suzuki, T., Wudl, F., Lucchini, V. & Maggini, M. J. Am. chem. Soc. 115, 7876–7877 (1993).
Prato, M. et al. J. Am. chem. Soc. 115, 8479–8480 (1993).
Isaacs, L., Wehrsig, A. & Diederich, F. Helv. chim. Acta 76, 1231–1250 (1993).
Smith, A. B. et al. J. chem. Soc., chem. Commun. 2187–2188 (1994).
Wudl, F. Acc. Chem. Res. 25, 157–161 (1992).
Haddon, R. C. Science 261, 1545–1550 (1993).
Taylor, R. & Walton, D. R. M. Nature 363, 685–693 (1993).
Saunders, M. et al. Nature 367, 256–258 (1994).
Haddon, R. C. Nature 367, 214 (1994).
Cioslowski, J. J. Am. chem. Soc. 116, 3619–3620 (1994).
Cioslowski, J. Chem. Phys. Lett. 227, 361–364 (1994).
Bühl, M. et al. J. Am. chem. Soc. 116, 6005–6006 (1994).
Haddon, R. C. & Pasquarello, A. Phys. Rev. B50, 16459–16463 (1994).
Bühl, M. & Thiel, W. Chem. Phys. Lett. 233, 585–589 (1995).
Fowler, P. W., Lazzeretti, P. & Zanasi, R. Chem. Phys. Lett. 165, 79–86 (1990).
McWeeny, R. Molec. Phys. 1, 311–321 (1958).
Mallion, R. B. Molec. Phys. 25, 1415–1432 (1973).
Mallion, R. B. J. chem. Phys. 75, 793–797 (1981).
Haddon, R. C. Tetrahedron 28, 3613–3634, 3635–3655 (1972).
Zanasi, R. & Fowler, P. W. Chem. Phys. Lett. 238, 270–280 (1995).
Heremans, J. Olk, C. H. & Morelli, D. T. Phys. Rev. B49, 15122–15125 (1994).
Luo, W., Wang, H., Ruoff, R. S., Cioslowski, J. & Phelps, S. Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 186–188 (1994).
Ramirez, A. P. et al. Science 265, 84–86 (1994).
David, W. I. F. et al. Nature 353, 147–149 (1991).
Saunders, M. et al. J. Am. chem. Soc. 117, 9305–9308 (1995).
Bausch, J. W. et al. J. Am. chem. Soc. 113, 3205–3206 (1991).
van Ruitenbeek, J. M. & van Leeuwen, D. A. Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 640–643 (1991).
McClure, J. W. Phys. Rev. 104, 666–671 (1956).
McClure, J. W. J. chim. Phys. 57, 859–865 (1960).
Hoarau, J. & Volpilhac, G. Phys. Rev. B14, 4045–4053 (1976).
Volpilhac, G. & Hoarau, J. Phys. Rev. B17, 1445–1449 (1978).
Iijima, S. Nature 354, 56–58 (1991).
Ebbesen, T. W. & Ajayan, P. M. Nature 358, 220–222 (1992).
Lu, J. P. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 1123–1126 (1995).
Wang, X. K., Chang, R. P. H., Patashinski, A. & Ketterson, J. B. J. Mater. Res. 9, 1578–1582 (1994).
Chauvet, O. et al. Phys. Rev. B (in the press).
London, F. J. Phys. Radium, Paris 8, 397–409 (1937).
Fleischer, U., Kutzelnigg, W. Lazzeretti, P. & Mülenkamp, V. J. Am. chem. Soc. 116, 5298–5306 (1994).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Haddon, R. Magnetism of the carbon allotropes. Nature 378, 249–255 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1038/378249a0
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/378249a0
This article is cited by
-
In situ ethylene copolymerization with an olefin-type monomer for one-pot synthesis of polyethylene tethered on multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Chinese Journal of Polymer Science (2013)
-
EPR and magnetism of the nanostructured natural carbonaceous material shungite
Physics and Chemistry of Minerals (2010)
-
Chemical modification of carbon nanotubes and preparation of polystyrene/carbon nanotubes composites
Macromolecular Research (2004)
-
Electronic properties of carbon toroids
Nature (1997)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.
