Abstract
ATTEMPTS to control protozoal diseases by active immunization were unsuccessful until Mulligan et al.1 showed that chickens could be partially protected against sporozoite-induced Plasmodium gallinaceum infection by means of an inactivated sporozoite preparation. Freund et al.2,3 later immunized ducks against P. lophurae by incorporating the antigen in the aqueous phase of a water-in-oil emulsion containing killed mycobacteria.
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References
Mulligan, H. W., Russell, P. F., and Mohan, B. N., J. Malar. Inst. India, 4, 25 (1941).
Freund, J., Sommer, H. E., and Walter, A. W., Science, 102, 200 (1945).
Freund, J., Sommer, H. E., and Walter, A. W., Science, 102, 202 (1945).
Weitz, B. G. F., Nature, 185, 788 (1960).
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JOHNSON, P., NEAL, R. & GALL, D. Protective Effect of Killed Trypanosome Vaccines with Incorporated Adjuvants. Nature 200, 83 (1963). https://doi.org/10.1038/200083a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/200083a0
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