Skip to main content
Research Spotlight

Torture as Negative Excessive Behavior of Revenge and Punishment

Published Online:https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000067

Several successful research traditions in the psychology of revenge and punishment have developed in German-speaking psychology over the last two decades. They have provided insights into topics such as retributive justice and social discrimination or social punishment. In the following, recent studies will be summarized, followed by a research agenda on revenge phenomena and implications for future research.

References

  • Eaton, J. , Struthers, C. W. , Santelli, A. G. (2006). Dispositional and state forgiveness: The role of self-esteem, need for structure, and narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 371–380. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Gäbler, I. , Maercker, A. (2011a). Revenge after trauma: Theoretical outline. In M. Linden, A. Maercker, (Eds.), Embitterment: Societal, psychological, and clinical perspectives (pp. 42–68). Wien/New York: Springer. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Gäbler, I. , Maercker, A. (2011b). Revenge phenomena and PTSD in former East German political prisoners. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 199, 287–294. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Gollwitzer, M. , Denzler, M. (2009). What makes revenge sweet: Seeing the offender suffer or delivering a message?. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 840–844. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Kessler, T , Neumann, J , Mummendey, A , Berthold, A , Schubert, T , & Waldzus, S. (2010). How do we assign punishment? The impact of minimal and maximal standards on the evaluation of deviants. Personality and Social Psychology Bullettin, 36, 1213–1224. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Maercker, A. , Gäbler, I. , O’Neill, J. , Schützwohl, M. , Müller, M. (2011). Long-term trajectories of PTSD derived from clinical assessment and subjective estimation: The case of former East German political prisoners. Manuscript submitted for publication. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Schützwohl, M. , Maercker, A. (2000). Anger in former East German political prisoners: Relationship to posttraumatic stress reactions and social support. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 188, 483–489. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar