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Originalarbeit

Barrieren und Ressourcen für einen Rauchstopp bei Auszubildenden

Published Online:August 14, 2014https://doi.org/10.1024/0939-5911.a000315

Abstract

Zielsetzung: Identifizierung von Einflussfaktoren, die bei Auszubildenden einen Rauchstopp begünstigen oder erschweren. Methodik: Die Daten wurden innerhalb einer kontrollierten Studie zur Wirksamkeitsprüfung einer mobiltelefonbasierten Intervention zur Förderung des Rauchausstiegs bei 755 Auszubildenden erhoben. Innerhalb eines Telefoninterviews wurden 90 Ex-Rauchende nach deren Motiven für den Rauchstopp und 468 Rauchende nach deren Motiven, weiterhin zu Rauchen sowie nach möglichen Ressourcen, die beim Rauchstopp helfen könnten, befragt. Die Freitextantworten wurden kategorisiert und quantitativ ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Als häufigste Gründe für den Rauchstopp wurden von den 90 Ex-Rauchenden körperbezogene Aspekte, insbesondere Sorgen um die Gesundheit und die körperliche Fitness (n=44, 49 %) sowie die Kosten für Zigaretten (n=25, 28 %) genannt. Als häufigste Gründe fürs Weiterrauchen wurden von 468 Rauchenden Stress (n=136, 29 %), die instrumentelle Bedeutung des Rauchens (n=135, 29 %) sowie Abhängigkeit (n=128, 27 %) genannt. Als wichtigste Ressourcen, die beim Aufhören helfen könnten, nannten die Rauchenden Aspekte der sozialen Unterstützung (n=114, 24 %), die eigene Einstellung (n=98, 21 %) und Strategien zur Konsumkontrolle (n=66, 14 %). Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse spezifizieren bereits bekannte Einflussfaktoren und weisen auf mögliche Faktoren, wie z. B. Stress, hin, die in der Forschung und bei Interventionen bislang nur unzureichend berücksichtigt wurden.


Barriers and Resources for Smoking Cessation in Vocational School Students

Objective: To identify processes which facilitate or impede smoking cessation in vocational school students. Methods: Data were drawn from a controlled trial testing the efficacy of a text messaging based intervention for smoking cessation in 755 vocational school students. Reasons for quitting smoking were assessed via telephone interview in 90 recent quitters; reasons for continuing smoking as well as possible resources which might facilitate smoking cessation were assessed in 468 current smokers. The free text responses were categorized by employing a qualitative content analysis. Subsequently, the categories were analysed quantitatively. Results: The most frequent reasons for quitting smoking mentioned by 90 recent quitters were body related aspects, particularly health concerns and body fitness (n=44, 49 %) and financial reasons (n=25, 28 %). The most frequent reasons for continuing smoking mentioned by 468 smokers were stress (n=136, 29 %), the instrumental importance of smoking, e. g., in order to relax (n=135, 29 %) and addiction or habit (n=128, 27 %). As resources which might facilitate cessation, the smokers most frequently mentioned social support (n=114, 24 %), motivation and a firm decision (n=98, 21 %) as well as strategies for controlling cigarette consumption (n=66, 14 %). Conclusions: The results specify barriers and resources for smoking cessation which are already known and refer to certain factors, e. g., stress, which might have been neglected in previous research and interventions.

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