Abstract
Cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) levels in structures of the “informational” and “motivational” systems of the brain were measured during acquisition of a conditioned two-sided active avoidance reflex in rats. cAMP levels were measured in three groups of animals – intact animals, trained animals, and an active control group (given uncombined presentations of the conditioned (light) and unconditioned (electric shock) stimuli) – immediately after reproduction of the acquired reflex. Significant accumulation of cAMP levels in brain structures was seen in animals of the active control group in the hypothalamus and in trained animals in the left and right hippocampus and the right frontal cortex. Positive correlations were found between cAMP levels in symmetrical parts of the frontal cortex, amygdala, and hypothalamus in animals of all study groups. In addition, active control rats and trained rats showed interhemisphere and intrahemisphere correlations between cAMP levels in brain macrostructures, whose patterns were specific for each group. The pattern of correlations observed here is assessed from the point of view of the role of the “informational” and “motivational” structures in the organization of adaptive behavior.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
V. L. Bianki, Asymmetry of Animal Brains [in Russian], Nauka, Leningrad (1985).
V. L. Bianki, Mechanisms of the Paired Brain [in Russian], Nauka, Leningrad (1989).
O. V. Godukhin, Modulation of Synaptic Transmission in the Brain [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1987).
T. V. Gorbach, “Cyclic nucleotides and prostaglandins in the rat brain during exposure of the body to extreme factors,” in: Biologically Active Substances and Regulation of Brain Functions [in Russian], Meditsina, Moscow (1990), pp. 37–40.
N. V. Gulyaeva and M. Yu. Stepanichev, “Biochemical correlates of individual behavior,” Zh. Vyssh. Nerv. Deyat., 47, No. 2, 329–338 (1997).
R. A. Danilova, E. V. Gurevich, and Z. N. Storozheva, “The effects of 8-Br-cAMP on the formation of conditioned reflex behavior in white rats,” Zh. Vyssh. Nerv. Deyat., 35, No. 2, 267–271 (1985).
L. K. Egorova, M. Yu. Stepanichev, and N. V. Gulyaeva, “Neurochemical characteristics of rats with different behavior in an emotional resonance test. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate in brain structures,” Zh. Vyssh. Nerv. Deyat., 45, No. 5, 999–1005 (1995).
The Individual Brain: Structural Bases of the Individual Characteristics of Behavior [in Russian], P. V. Simonov (ed.), Nauka, Moscow (1993).
L. A. Kozhemyakin, D. S. Korostovtsev, and T. R. Koroleva, “Cyclic adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate in the organs and tissues during adaptation of the body to extreme conditions,” Byull. Éksperim. Biol. Med., 84, No. 11, 567–568 (1977).
G. Kh. Merzhanova and É. E. Dolbakyan, “Interneuronal frontoamygdalar interactions in cats trained to select reinforcement quality,” Zh. Vyssh. Nerv. Deyat., 48, No. 3, 410–421 (1998).
M. L. Pigareva, Limbic Switching Mechanisms (Hippocampus and Amygdala), Nauka, Moscow (1978).
L. A. Preobrazhenskaya, “Individual characteristics of dogs with a free choice of the probability and value of food reinforcement,” Zh. Vyssh. Nerv. Deyat., 47, No. 3, 487–499 (1997).
P. V. Simonov, Lectures on the Function of the Brain [in Russian], Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (1998).
M. Yu. Stepanichev, L. K. Egorova, N. A. Lazareva, et al., “Neurochemical studies of the behavioral 'parasitism' phenomenon in rats,” Zh. Vyssh. Nerv. Deyat., 46, No. 1, 137–145 (1996).
Z. N. Storozheva, R. A. Danilova, and R. E. Libinzon, “The effects of cyclic adenosine monophosphate on the acquisition of active avoidance in rats,” Zh. Vyssh. Nerv. Deyat., 32, No. 3, 563–565 (1982).
D. M. Barros, L. A. Izquierdo, M. K. Sant'Anna, et al., “Stimulators of the cAMP cascade reverse amnesia induced by intra-amygdalar but not intrahippocampal KN-62 administration,” Neurobiol. Learn. Mem., 71, 94–103 (1999).
J. F. Battey, G. Bonnano, R. M. Burch, et al., The RBI Handbook of Receptor Classification, J. W. Kebabian and J. L. Neumeyer (eds.), Res. Biochem. Internat., Natick (1994).
R. Z. Delapa, S. R. Dickman, and B. J. Grosser, “Effects of stress on rat brain adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate in vivo,” Brain Res., 85, 171–175 (1975).
A. G. Gilman, “A protein binding assay for adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 67, 305–312 (1970).
P. Greengard, Cyclic Nucleotides, Phosphorylated Proteins, and Neuronal Function, Raven Press, New York (1978), Vol. 1.
E. R. Kandel and J. H. Schwartz, “Molecular biology of learning: modulation of transmission,” Science, 218, 433–436 (1982).
G. L. Kant, J. L. Meyerhoff, B. N. Bunnel, and R. H. Lennoz, “Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP response to stress in brain and pituitary: Stress elevates pituitary cyclic AMP,” Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 17, 1067–1072 (1982).
M. B. Kennedy, “Second messengers and neuronal function,” in: An Introduction to Molecular Neurobiology, Z. W. Hall (ed.), Senouer Assoc. Inc., Sunderland (1992), pp. 207–246.
H. Laborit and R. Zerbib, “Action of PMA (phorbol myristate acetate), scopolamine, propranolol, and oxotremorine on memorization of an active or passive avoidance test,” Encephale, 15, 29–35 (1989).
Y. Salomon, “Cellular responsiveness to hormones and neurotransmitters: conversion of [3H]adenine to [3H]cAMP in cell monolayers, cell suspensions, and tissue slices,” Methods in Enzymology, Academic Press, New York, London (1991), Vol. 195, pp. 22–28.
T. L. Sourkes, “Pathways of stress in the CNS,” Progr. Neurological-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatr., 7, 389–441 (1983).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Egorova, L.K., Stepanichev, M.Y., Mikhalev, S.L. et al. Analysis of Cyclic Adenosine-3',5'-Monophosphate Levels in Structures of the “Informational” and “Motivational” Systems of the Rat Brain during Acquisition of a Conditioned Active Avoidance Reaction. Neurosci Behav Physiol 33, 329–333 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022887321863
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022887321863