Abstract
We have sequenced the entire genome of a virulent field isolate of Sendai virus, the Hamamatsu strain, and compared the sequence with that of a distant related strain, the Z strain. Calculation of synonymous and non-synonymous (amino acid changing) nucleotide substitutions revealed regions where changes were permissive and non-permissive, and the experimentally determined functional region were found to be conserved, showing that important regions for function were conserved during evolution. In the cistron-overlapping regions in the P gene, one reading frame was conserved, whereas the other overlapping frame was flexible. The priority of one frame could be a strategy for evolution of an overlapping gene of RNA viruses. We found that the carboxyl two thirds of the C protein was conserved over the amino-terminal one third, possessing priority to the overlapping P polypeptide. This suggests that the carboxyl two thirds of the C protein have a functional importance. We also found a highly variable region between the L coding frame and the 5′ trailer sequence. The relevance of these findings to actual viral replication should be clarified in the future.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lamb R.A. and Kolakofsky D., in Fields B.N., Knipe D.M. and Howley P.M. (ed). Fields Virology, 3rd ed, Lippincott-Raven, New York, 1996, pp. 1177-1204.
Nagai Y., Rev Med Virol 9, 83-99, 1999.
Thomas S.M., Lamb R.A., and Paterson R.G., Cell 54, 891-902, 1988.
Vidal S., Curran J., and Kolakofsky D., J Virol 64, 239-246, 1990.
Sakaguchi T., Kiyotani K., Sakaki M., Fujii Y., and Yoshida T., Arch Virol 135, 159-164, 1994.
Kiyotani K., Takao S., Sakaguchi T., and Yoshida T., Virology 177, 65-74, 1990.
Wang X.L., Itoh M., Hotta H., and Homma M., J Virol 68, 3369-3373, 1994.
Miyata T., Yasunaga T., and Nishida T., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77, 7328-7332, 1980.
Miyata T. and Hayashida H., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78, 5739-5743, 1981.
Miyata T. and Yasunaga T., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78, 450-453, 1981.
Sakaguchi T., Toyoda T., Gotoh B., Inocencio N.M., Kuma K., Miyata T., and Nagai Y., Virology 169, 260-272, 1989.
Toyoda T., Sakaguchi T., Hirota H., Gotoh B., Kuma K., Miyata T., and Nagai Y., Virology 169, 273-282, 1989.
Takeda M., Sakaguchi T., Li Y., Kobune F., Kato A., and Nagai Y., Virology 256, 340-350, 1999.
Shioda T., Iwasaki K., and Shibuta H., Nucleic Acids Res 14, 1545-1563, 1986.
Itoh M., Isegawa Y., Hotta H., and Homma M., J Gen Virol 78, 3207-3215, 1997.
Kato A., Kiyotani K., Sakai Y., Yoshida T., and Nagai Y., EMBO J 16, 578-587, 1997.
Kato A., Kiyotani K., Sakai Y., Yoshida T., Shioda T., and Nagai Y., J Virol 71, 7266-7272, 1997.
Pringle C.R., in Kingsbury D.W. (ed)., The Paramyxoviruses, Plenum Press, New York, 1991, pp. 1-39.
Curran J., J Virol 72, 4274-4280, 1998.
Curran J., Marq J.B., and Kolakofsky D., J Virol 69, 849-855, 1995.
Kurotani A., Kiyotani K., Kato A., Shioda T., Sakai Y., Mizumoto K., Yoshida T., and Nagai Y., Genes Cells 3, 111-124, 1998.
Garcin D., Latorre P., and Kolakofsky D., J Virol 73, 6559-6565, 1999.
Gotoh B., Takeuchi K., Komatsu T., Yokoo J., Kimura Y., Kurotani A., Kato A., and Nagai Y., FEBS Lett 459, 205-210, 1999.
Curran J., Pelet T., and Kolakofsky D., Virology 202, 875-884, 1994.
Murphy S.K., Ito Y., and Parks G.D., J Virol 72, 10-19, 1998.
Murphy S.K. and Parks G.D., J Virol 73, 805-809, 1999.
Tapparel C., Maurice D., and Roux L., J Virol 72, 3117-3128, 1998.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fujii, Y., Kiyotani, K., Yoshida, T. et al. Conserved and Non-Conserved Regions in the Sendai Virus Genome: Evolution of a Gene Possessing Overlapping Reading Frames. Virus Genes 22, 47–52 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008130318633
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008130318633