Skip to main content
Log in

The Influence of Speed and Height at the Withers on the Kinematics of Sound Horses at the Hand-Led Trot

  • Published:
Veterinary Research Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The influence of speed and height at the withers on some biokinematic stride parameters (linear, temporal and angular) was measured in 15 Spanish Thoroughbreds (Andalusian Purebred) trotted hand-led along a track; analysis was made of the correlation between speed and height at the withers and of some biokinematic parameters of equine locomotion. Both height at the withers and speed were positively and significantly correlated to the linear parameters examined. Temporal parameters did not reveal a significant correlation with the height at the withers. The correlations with the angular parameters were variable, often being significant for both height at withers and speed, although in most cases the coefficient was relatively low, probably owing to the narrow ranges of speed and height at the withers and their low variability. It was concluded that horses at the hand-led trot tend to have low variability in speed during successive trials, although the speed at which they move does have a significant influence on both linear and temporal stride parameters, and also on several angular parameters, while height at the withers has a major effect on linear parameters but less on angular parameters, and does not affect the temporal parameters.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Buchner, H.H.F., Savelberg, H.H.C.M., Schamhardt, H.C., Merkens, H.W. and Barneveld, A., 1994a. Habituation of horses to treadmill locomotion. Equine Veterinary Journal, 17, 13-15

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchner, H.H.F., Savelberg, H.H.C.M., Schamhardt, H.C., Merkens, H.W. and Barneveld, A., 1994b. Kinematics of treadmill versus overground locomotion in horses. Veterinary Quarterly, 16(supplement), S87-90

    Google Scholar 

  • Clayton, H.M., 1986. The cinematographic analysis of the lame horse: I. Fractured supraglenoid tubercle. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 6, 70-78

    Google Scholar 

  • Clayton, H.M., 1994. Comparison of the stride kinematics of the collected, working, medium and extended trot in horses. Equine Veterinary Journal, 26, 230-234

    Google Scholar 

  • Degueurce, C., Pourcelot, P., Audigié, F., Denoix, J.M. and Geiger, D., 1997. Variability of the limb joint patterns of sound horses at trot. Equine Veterinary Journal, 23(supplement), 89-92

    Google Scholar 

  • Drevemo, S., Dalin, G., Fredricson, J. and Hjertén, G., 1980. Equine locomotion 1: Analysis of linear and temporal stride characteristics of trotting. Standardbreds. Equine Veterinary Journal, 12, 60-65

    Google Scholar 

  • Dusek, J., 1974. Beitrag zur Problem der Beziehungzwischen der Hohe und der Bewegungsmechnik bei den Hannoveraner Hengsten. Bayerisches Landwirtschaft-uches Jahrbuch, 51, 209-213

    Google Scholar 

  • Dusek, J., Ehrlein, H.J., Van Engelhardt, W. and Hornicke, H., 1970. Biziehungen zwischen trittlange trittfrequenzund geschvindigkeit bei pferden. Zeitschift fur Tierznechtung und Znechtungsbiologie, 87, 177-188

    Google Scholar 

  • Fredricson, I., Drevemo, S., Dalin, G., Hjerten, G., Bjorne, K. and Rynde, R., 1983. Treadmill for equine locomotion analysis. Equine Veterinary Journal, 15, 111-115

    Google Scholar 

  • Galisteo, A.M., Cano, M.R., Miró, F., Vivo, J., Morales, J.L. and Aguera, E., 1996. Angular joint parameters in the Andalusian horse at the walk obtained by normal videography. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 16, 73-76

    Google Scholar 

  • Galisteo, A.M., Cano, M.R., Morales, J.L., Miró, F., Vivo, J. and Aguera, E., 1997. Kinematics in horses at the trot before and after an induced forelimb supporting lameness. Equine Veterinary Journal, 23(supplement), 97-101

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiraga, A., Yamanobe, A. and Kubo, K., 1994. Relationship between stride length, stride frequency, step length and velocity at the start dash in a racehorse. Journal of Equine Science, 5, 127-120

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmstrom, M., Magnusson, L.E. and Philipsson, J., 1990. Variation in conformation of Swedish Warmblood and conformational characteristics of elite sport horses. Equine Veterinary Journal, 22, 186-193

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoyt, D.F. and Taylor, C.R., 1981. Gait and the energetics of locomotion in horses. Nature, 292, 239-240

    Google Scholar 

  • Leach, D.H., Omrod, K. and Clayton, H.M., 1984. Standardized terminology for the description and analysis of equine locomotion. Equine Veterinary Journal, 16, 522-528

    Google Scholar 

  • Leach, D.H. and Cymbaluk, N.F., 1986. Relationship between stride length, stride frequency, velocity and morphometrics of foals. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 47, 2090-2097

    Google Scholar 

  • Leach, D.H. and Drevemo, S., 1991. Velocity dependent changes in stride frequency and length of trotters on a treadmill. In: Persson, S.G.B., Lindholm, A. and Jeffcott, L.B. (eds), Equine Exercise Physiology 3, (ICEEP Publications, Davis, CA), 136-140

    Google Scholar 

  • Miró, F., Morales, J.L., Vivo, J., Aguera, E., Cano, M.R. and Galisteo, A.M., 1996. Videography computer aided: a useful method in horse locomotion. Proceedings of the Third International Workshop in Animal Locomotion, Saumur (France), 11

  • Muir, G.D., Leach, D.H., Cymbaluk, N. and Dyson, S., 1991. Velocity-dependent changes in intrinsic stride timing variables of quarterhorse foals. In: Persson, S.G.B., Lindholm, A. and Jeffcott, L.B. (eds), Equine Exercise Physiology 3, (ICEEP Publications, Davis, CA), 141-145

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Weeren, P.R., Van den Bogert, A.J., Back, W., Bruin, G. and Barneveld, A., 1993. Kinematics of the Standardbred trotter measured at 6, 7, 8 and 9 m/s on a treadmill, before and after 5 months of prerace training. Acta Anatomica, 149, 154-161

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamanobe, A., Hiraga, A. and Kubo, K., 1992. Relationship between stride frequency, stride length, step length and velocity with asymmetric gaits in the thoroughbred horse. Japanese Journal of Equine Science, 3, 143-148

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Galisteo, A., Cano, M., Morales, J. et al. The Influence of Speed and Height at the Withers on the Kinematics of Sound Horses at the Hand-Led Trot. Vet Res Commun 22, 415–424 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006105614177

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006105614177

Navigation