Skip to main content
Log in

Domestic Activity and Knowledge Development in the Internationalization Process of Firms

  • Published:
Journal of International Entrepreneurship Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper is based on behavioral theory on internationalization, examining the effect of firms operations in the domestic market on experiential knowledge development in the internationalization of the firm. Five hypotheses are developed on the effects of business operations in the domestic market on: internationalization knowledge, business knowledge and institutional knowledge. The LISREL analysis of 206 firms shows that domestic operations effect the accumulation of experiential knowledge in internationalizing firms. We found that it is harder for a firm with long domestic experience to change their mental models and processes in the internationalization process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aharoni, Y., 1966, The Foreign Investment Decision Process. Boston, MA: Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, E.and H. Gatignon, 1986, 'Modes of Entry: A Transactions Cost Analysis and Propositions,' Journal of International Business Studies 17(3), 1–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J.C. and D.W. Gerbing, 1988, 'Structural Equation Modeling in Practice: A Review and Recommended Two-step Approach, Psychological Bulletin 103(3), 411–423.

    Google Scholar 

  • Argyris, C. and D.A. Schön, 1978, Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, J.S. and T.S. Overton, 1977, 'Estimating Non-Response Bias in Mail Surveys', Journal of Marketing Research 14(3), 396–402.

    Google Scholar 

  • Autio, E., H.J. Sapienza, and J.G. Almeida, 2000, 'Effects of Age at Entry, Knowledge Intensity, and Imitability on International Growth', Academy of Management Journal 41(5), 909–924.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ball, C.A.and A.E. Tschoegl, 1982, 'The Decision to Establish a Foreign Bank Branch or Subsidiary: An Application of Binary Classification Procedures', Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 17, 411–424.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barkema, H.G., J.H.J. Bell, and J.M. Pennings, 1996, 'Foreign Entry, Cultural Barriers, and Learning', Strategic Management Journal 17, 151–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barkema, H.G. and F. Vermeulen, 1998, 'International Expansion Through Start-up or Acquisition: A Learning Perspective', Academy of Management Journal 41(1), 7–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barret, N.I. and I.F. Wilkinson, 1985, 'Export Stimulation: A Segmentation Study of the Exporting Problems of Australian Manufacturing Firms. European Journal of Marketing 19(2), 53–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beamish, P.W. and J.C. Banks, 1987,'Equity Joint Ventures and the Theory of the Multinational Enterprise', Journal of International Business Studies 19(2), 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, J., 1995, 'The Internationalization of Small Computer Software Firms: A Further Challenge to “Stage Theories”, European Journal of Marketing 29, 60–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilkey, W.J., 1978,'An Attempted Integration of the Literature on the Export Behavior of Firms', Journal of International Business Studies 13(Fall), 39–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilkey, W.J. and G. Tesar, 1977, 'The Export Behaviour of Smaller Sized Wisconsin Manufacturing Firms', Journal of International Business Studies 8(1), 93–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bollen, K.A., 1989, Structural Equations with Latent Variables, New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bollen, K.A. and S.J. Long,(eds.), 1993, Testing Structural Equation Models.Newbury Park: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brush, C., 1992, Factors Motivating Small Firms to Internationalize: The Effect of Firm Age. Doctoral dissertation, Boston University.

  • Buckley, P.J., 1993, 'The Role of Management in Internalisation Theory', Management International Review 33(3), 197–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P.J. and M. Casson, 1976, The Future of the Multinational Enterprise, London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burenstam-Linder, S., 1961, An Essay on Trade and Transformation, New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calof, L.J. and P.W. Beamish, 1995, 'Adapting to Foreign Markets: Explaining Internationalization', International Business Review, 4(2), 115–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavusgil, S.T., 1980, 'On the Internationalization Process of Firms', European Research 8 (November), 273–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavusgil, S.T., 1984, 'Organizational Characteristics Associated with Export Activity', Journal of Management Studies 21(1), 3–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, S.J., 1995, 'International Expansion Strategy of Japanese Firms: Capability Building Through Sequential Entry', Academy of Management Journal 38(2), 383–407.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, W. and D. Levinthal, 1990, 'Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation', Administration Science Quarterly 35, 128–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corsini, R., 1987, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crick, D., 1995, 'An Investigation into the Targeting of U.K.Export Assistance', European Journal of Marketing 29(8), 76–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cyert, R.M. and J.G. March, 1963, A Behavioural Theory of the Firm, New York: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Czinkota, M., 1982, Export Development Strategies:US Promotion Policies, New York: Praeger Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Czinkota, M. and W.J. Johnston, 1981, 'Segmenting U.S.Firms for Export Development', Journal of Business Research 9(4), 353–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davenport, T.H. and L. Prusak, 1998, Working Knowledge, Harvard Business School Press: Boston, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, W.H., 1980,'The Location of Foreign Direct Investment Activity:Country Characteristics and Experience Effects', Journal of International Business Studies 11(2), 9–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, W.H., 1983, 'Market Similarity and Market Selection: Implications of International Marketing Strategy', Journal of Business Research 11, 439–456.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, R. and A. Weiss, 1979, 'Organizational Learning:Implications for Organizational Design', in B. Staw et al.(eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior 1, 75–132, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunning, J.H., 1977, 'Trade, Location of Economic Activity and the MNE: A Search for an Eclectic Approach', in B. Ohlin et al.(eds.), The international allocation of economic activity, New York: Holmes and Meier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunning, J.H., 1980, 'Towards an Eclectic Theory of International Production:Some Empirical Tests', Journal of International Business Studies 11(1), 9–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunning, J.H., 1988, 'The Eclectic Paradigm of International Production: A Restatement and Some Possible Extensions', Journal of International Business Studies 19(1), 1–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson, K., J. Johanson, A. Majkgård,and D.D. Sharma, 1997,'Experiential Knowledge and Cost in the Internationalization Process', Journal of International Business Studies 28(2), 337–360.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson, K., J. Johanson, A. Majkgård, and D.D. Sharma, 2001, 'Time and Experience in the Internationalization Process', Zeitschrift Für Betriebswirtschaft 71(1), 21–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson, K., J. Johanson, A. Majkgård, and D.D. Sharma, 2000a, 'Effect of Variation on Knowledge Accumulation in the Internationalization Process', International Studies of Management and Organization 30(1), 26–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson, K., A. Majkgård, and D.D. Sharma, 2000b, 'Path Dependence in the Internationalization Process', Management International Review 40(4), 307–328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erramilli, K., 1991, 'Experience Factor in Foreign Market Entry Bahaviour of Service Firms', Journal of International Business Studies 22(3), 479–501.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiol, C.M. and M.A. Lyles, 1985, 'Organizational Learning', Academy of Management Review 1(4), 803–813.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garvin, D.A., 1993, 'Building a Learning Organization', Harvard Business Review 71(4), 78–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gatignon, H. and E. Anderson, 1988, 'The Multinational Corporation's Degree of Control Over Foreign Subsidiaries: An Empirical Test of a Transaction Cost Explanation', Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 4(2), 305–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosal, S., 1994, 'Diversification and Diversifact', California Management Review 37(1), 8–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayduk, L.A., 1987, Structural Equation Modeling with LISREL: Essentials and Advances, Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofstede, G., 2001, Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations, Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hymer, S.H., 1976, 'The International Operations of National Firms: A Study of Direct Foreign Investment', Doctoral dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

  • Jansson, H., M. Saqib,and D.D. Sharma, 1995, The State and Transnational Corporations: A Network Approach to Industrial Policy in India, London: Edward Elgar Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johanson, J. and J.-E. Vahlne, 1977, 'The Internationalization Process of the Firm—A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing Foreign Market Commitments', Journal of International Business Studies 8(1), 23–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johanson, J. and F. Wiedersheim-Paul, 1975, 'The Internationalization of the Firm—Four Swedish Cases, Journal of Management Studies 12(3), 305–322.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jolly, V.K., M. Alahuta, and J.-P. Jeannet, 1992, 'Challenging the Incumbents: How High Technology Start-ups Compete Globally', Journal of Strategic Change 1, 71–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, M.V., 1999, 'The Internationalization of Small High-Technology Firms', Journal of International Marketing 7(4), 15–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jöreskog, K.-G., and D. Sörbom, 1993, LISREL 8:Structural Equation Modeling with the SIMPLIS Command Language, Chicago: Scientific Software International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight, G.A. and S.T. Cavusgil, 1996, 'The Born Global Firm: A Challenge to Traditional Internationalization Theory', Advances in International Marketing 8, 11–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kogut, B., 1983, 'Foreign Direct Investment as a Sequential Process', in C.P. Kindleberger et al.(eds.), The multinational corporation in the 1980s, Cambridge,MA: MIT Press, pp.36–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kogut, B. and S.J. Chang, 1991, 'Technological Capabilities and Japanese Foreign Direct Investment in the United States', The Review of Economics and Statistics 73(3), 401–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kogut, B. and H. Singh, 1988, 'The Effect of National Culture on the Choice of Entry Mode', Journal of International Business Studies 19 (3), 411–432.

    Google Scholar 

  • Korhonen H., 1999, Inward–Outward Internationalization of Small and Medium Enterprises,PhD.Thesis, Helsinki School of Business, Helsinki.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonidou, L.C. and C.S. Katsikeas, 1996, 'The Export Development Process: An Integrative Review of Empirical Models', Journal of International Business Studies 3, 625–646.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenway, S.A. and T.P. Murtha, 1994, 'Country Capabilities and the Strategic State:How National Political Institutions Affect Multinational Corporations' Strategies', Strategic Management Journal 15, 113–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim, J.-S., W. Sharkey, and K.I. Kim, 1991, 'An Empirical Test of an Export Adoption Model', Management International Review 31(1), 51–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lord, F.C. and M.R. Novick, 1968, Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo, Y., 1999, 'Time Based Experience and International Expansion: The Case of an Emerging Economy', Journal of Management Studies 36(4), 505–534.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madhok, A., 1997, 'Cost,Value and Foreign Market Entry Mode: The Transaction and the Firm', Strategic Management Journal 18(1), 39–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • March, J.G., 1991, 'Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning', Organization Science 2(1), 71–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDougall, P.P., S. Shane, and B.M. Oviatt, 1994, 'Explaining the Formation of International NewVentures: The Limits of Theories from International Business Research', Journal of Business venturing 9, 469–487.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKinsey & Co., 1993, Emerging Exporters.Australia's High Value-added Manufacturing Exporters, Melbourne: McKinsey and Company and the Australian Manufacturing Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moon, J.and H. Lee, 1990, 'On the Internal Correlates of Export Stage Development: An empirical Investigation in the Korean Electronics Industry', International Marketing Review 7(5), 16–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Grady, S. and H.W. Lane, 1996, 'The Psychic Distance Paradox', Journal of International Business Studies 27(2), 309–333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oviatt, B.M. and P.P. McDougall, 1994, 'Toward a Theory of International New Ventures', Journal of International Business Studies 25(1), 45–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penrose, E.T., 1959, The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perlmutter, H.V., 1969, 'The Tortuous Evolution of the Multinational Corporation', Columbia Journal of World Business 4(1), 9–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, M.E., 1985, Competitive Advantage, New York: Free Press Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao, T.R. and G.M. Naidu, 1992, 'Are the Stages of Internationalization Empirically Supportable?' Journal of Global Marketing 6(1/2), 147–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, S.D., 1981, 'The Decision-Maker and Export Entry and Expansion', Journal of International Business Studies 12(2), 101–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senge, P.M., 1990,'The Leader 's New Work: Building Learning Organizations', Sloan Management Review 32(1), 7–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simonin, B.L., 1999a, 'Ambiguity and the Process of Knowledge Transfer in Strategic Alliances', Strategic Management Journal 20(7), 595–623.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simonin, B.L. 1999b, 'Transfer of Marketing Know-how in International strategic Alliances:An Empirical Investigation of the Role and Antecedents of Knowledge Ambiguity', Journal of International Business Studies 30 (3): 463–490.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ursic, M.L. and M.R. Czinkota, 1984, 'An Experience Curve Explanation of Export Expansion', Journal of Business Research 12, 159–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vernon, R., 1966, 'International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle', Quarterly Journal of Economics 80(2), 190–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weick, K.E., 1991, 'The Traditional Quality of Organizational Learning', Organization Science 2(1), 116–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, A.K., 1977, 'Foreign Investment by Service Firms: The Case of Multinational Advertising Agencies', Journal of International Business Studies 8(1), 83–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welch, L.W. and F. Wiedersheim-Paul, 1980, 'Initial Exports—A Marketing Failure?', Journal of Management Studies 17(3), 333–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welch. L.W. and F. Wiedersheim-Paul, 1980, 'Domestic Expansion:Internationalization at Home', Essays in International Business,2,December,College of Business Administration, The University of South Carolina.

  • Wiedersheim-Paul, F., H.C. Olson, and L.S. Welch, 1978, 'Pre-export Activity: The First Step in Internationalization', Journal of International Business Studies 8(1), 47–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, O.E., 1975, Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications, NewYork: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Y.S., R.P. Leione, and D.L. Alden, 1992, 'A Market Expansion Ability Approach to Identify Potential Exporters', Journal of Marketing 56, 84–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu, C.-M.J., 1990,'The Experience Effect and Foreign Direct Investment', Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 126, 561–579.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Blomstermo, A., Eriksson, K. & Sharma, D.D. Domestic Activity and Knowledge Development in the Internationalization Process of Firms. Journal of International Entrepreneurship 2, 239–258 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JIEN.0000032775.53005.59

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JIEN.0000032775.53005.59

Navigation