Skip to main content
Log in

Coping Strategies and Locus of Control as Mediating Variables in the Relation Between Exposure to Political Life Events and Psychological Adjustment in Israeli Children

  • Published:
International Journal of Stress Management

Abstract

The relation between political life events and distress was examined with particular emphasis on coping strategies and locus of control as two possible mediators. Subjects were 88 Israeli children. Results partially supported a linear relation between reported impact of exposure and distress. Findings for coping strategies as a mediator suggested, counterintuitively, that greater use of coping strategies is related to more experienced distress. Findings for locus of control as a mediator suggested that subjects with external locus of control experience greater distress, other than in the case of depressive symptomatology. These results indicate that coping strategies and locus of control play a complex role in the stress-outcome relation, the precise nature of which remains to be resolved. Theoretical, clinical and political implications of the findings are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Bar-Tal, D., Jacobson, D., & Freund, T. (1995). Security feelings among Jewish settlers in the occupied territories: A study of communal and personal antecedents. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 39, 353-377.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baum, A., Fleming, R., & Singer, J. E. (1983). Coping with victimization by technological disaster. Journal of Social Issues, 39, 117-138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Zur, H., & Zeidner, M. (1995). Coping patterns and affective reactions under community crisis and daily routine conditions. Anxiety, Stress and Coping: An International Journal, 8, 185-201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilu, Y. (1989). The other as nightmare: The Israeli-Arab encounter as reflected in children's dreams in Israel and the West Bank. Political Psychology, 10, 365-389.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boehnke, K., Macpherson, M. J., Meador, M., & Petri, H. (1989). How West German adolescents experience the nuclear threat. Political Psychology, 10, 419-443.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowman, G. D., & Stern, M. (1995). Adjustment to occupational stress: The relationship of perceived control to effectiveness of coping strategies. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42, 294-303.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canneti, L., Shalev, A. Y., & Kaplan de-Nour, A. (1994). Israeli norms of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Israeli Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 31, 13-18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charlton, P. F. C., & Thompson, J. A. (1996). Ways of coping with psychological distress after trauma. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35, 517-530.

    Google Scholar 

  • Compas, B. E., Worsham, N. L., Ey, S., & Howell, D. C. (1996). When Mom or Dad has cancer: II. Coping, cognitive appraisals and psychological distress in children of cancer patients. Health Psychology, 15, 167-175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conway, V. J., & Terry, D. J. (1992). Appraised controllability as a moderator of the effectiveness of different coping strategies: A test of the goodness of fit hypothesis. Australian Journal of Psychology, 44, 1-7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dasberg, H., & Sheffler, G. (1987). The disbandment of a community: A psychiatric action research project. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 23, 89-101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derogatis, L. R., & Spencer, P. M. (1982). The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI): Administration, Scoring and Procedures Manual. Baltimore: Clinical Psychometric Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dohrenwend, B. P., Shrout, P. E., Egri, G., & Mendelsohn, F. S. (1980). Measures of nonspecific psychological distress and other dimensions of psychopathology in the general population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 1229-1236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elbedour, S., ten-Bensel, R., & Maruyama, G. M. (1993). Children at risk: Psychological coping with war and conflict in the Middle East. International Journal of Mental Health, 22, 33-52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erlich, C., Greenbaum, C., & Troublana, Y. H. (1994). Exposure to prolonged stress and sex differences in children's responses to the Gulf War. Psychologia Israel Journal of Psychology, 4, 123-133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1980). An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, 219-239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1983). Folkman-Lazarus Ways of Coping Checklist—Revised. ETS Test Collection, Educational Testing Service, Princeton, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fricchione, G. L., Howanitz, E., Jandorf, L., & Kroessler, D. (1992). Psychological adjustment to end-stage renal disease and the implications of denial. Psychosomatics, 33, 85-91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garbarino, J., & Kostelny, K. (1996). The effects of political violence on Palestinian children's behavior problems: A risk accumulation model. Child Development, 67, 33-45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gabarino, J., Kostelny, K., & Dubrow, N. (1991). What children can tell us about living in danger. American Psychologist, 46, 376-383.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garmezy, N., & Rutter, M. (1985). Acute stress reactions. In M. Rutter & L. Hersov (Eds.), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Modern Approaches. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haan, M. (1993). The assessment of coping, defense and stress. In L. Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Eds.), Handbook of Stress, Second Edition. (pp. 258-273). New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harkabi, Y. (1988). Israel's Fateful Decisions. London: I. B. Tauris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herman, S. M., & Petersen, A. C. (1996). The protective role of coping and social resources for depressive symptoms among young adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 25, 733-753.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffner, C., & Haefner, M. J. (1993). Children's strategies for coping with news coverage of the Gulf War. Communication Research Reports, 10, 171-180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horner, K. L. (1996). Locus of control, neuroticism and stressors: Combined influences on reported physical illness. Personality and Individual Differences, 21, 195-204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarrett, S. R., Ramirez, A. J., Richards, M. A., & Weinman, J. (1992). Measuring coping in breast cancer. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 36, 593-602.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, P. S., & Shaw, J. (1993). Children as victims of war: Current knowledge and future research needs. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 697-708.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, J. H. (1986). Life Events as Stressors in Childhood and Adolescence. Newbury Parks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joseph, S., Cairns, E., & McCollam, P. (1993). Political violence, coping and depressive symptomatology in Northern Irish children. Personality and Individual Differences, 15, 471-473.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ladd, G. W., & Cairns, E. (1996). Children: Ethnic and political violence. Child Development, 67, 14-18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal and Coping. New York: Springer Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, H. A., & Kliewer, W. (1996). Hope, coping and adjustment among children with sickle-cell disease: Tests of mediator and moderator models. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 21, 25-41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meijer, A. (1985). Child psychiatric sequelae of maternal war stress. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 72, 505-511.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milgram, R. M., & Milgram, N. A. (1976). The effect of the Yom Kippur War on anxiety level in Israeli children. Journal of Psychology, 94, 107-113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pines, A. (1994). The Palestinian Intifada and Israelis' burnout. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 25, 438-451.

    Google Scholar 

  • Punamaki, R. L. (1989). Factors affecting the mental health of Palestinian children exposed to political violence. International Journal of Mental Health, 18, 63-79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Punamaki, R. L. (1996). Can ideological commitment protect children's psychosocial well-being in situations of political violence? Child Development, 67, 55-69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Punamaki, R. L., & Suleiman, R. (1990). Predictors and effectiveness of coping with political violence among Palestinian children. British Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 67-77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahav, G., & Ronen, T. (1994). Children's perceptions of their behavior problems during the Gulf War. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 7, 241-252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raviv, A., Sadeh, A., Raviv, A., & Silberstein, O. (1998). The reaction of the youth in Israel to the assassination of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin. Political Psychology, 19, 255-278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reese, F. L., Kliewer, W., & Suarez, T. (1997). Control appraisals as moderators of the relationship between intrusive thoughts and coping. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27, 1131-1145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenbaum, M., & Hadari, D. (1985). Personal efficacy, external locus of control and perceived contingency of parental reinforcement among depressed, paranoid and normal subjects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 539-547.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80, 1 (Whole No. 609).

  • Rutter, M. (1996). Stress research: Accomplishments and tasks ahead. In R. J. Haggerty, L. R. Sherrod, N. Garmezy, & M. Rutter, (Eds.), Stress, Risk and Resilience in Children and Adolescents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salzman, L. (1979). Psychotherapy of the obsessional. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 33, 32-40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarwer, F., & Gerald, J. (1987). Psychoanalytic aspects of obsessive compulsive disorders: Some aspects of anal object relationships in the characterological features of control and possession. Psychiatric Journal of the University of Ottawa, 12, 203-213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwarzer, R., & Schwarzer, C. (1996). A critical survey of coping instruments. In M. Zeidner & N. S. Endler (Eds), Handbook of Coping (pp. 107-132). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slone, M., Adiri, M., & Arian, A. (1998). Adverse political events and psychological adjustment: Two cross-cultural studies. American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 1058-1069.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slone, M., & Hallis, D. (1999). The impact of political life events on children's psychological adjustment. Anxiety, Stress & Coping: An International Journal, 12, 1-21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weisenberg, M., Schwarzwald, J., Waysman, M., & Solomon, Z. (1993). Coping of school-age children in the sealed room during Scud missile bombardment and postwar stress reactions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 462-467.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeidner, M., & Saklofske, D. (1996). Adaptive and maladaptive coping. In M. Zeidner & N. S. Endler, Handbook of Coping (pp. 505-531). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeidner, M., & Ben-Zur, H. (1994). Individual differences in anxiety, coping and post-traumatic stress in the aftermath of the Persian Gulf War. Personality and Individual Differences, 16, 459-476.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeidner, M., & Hammer, A. L. (1990). Life events and coping resources as predictors of stress symptoms in adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 693-703.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michelle Slone.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hallis, D., Slone, M. Coping Strategies and Locus of Control as Mediating Variables in the Relation Between Exposure to Political Life Events and Psychological Adjustment in Israeli Children. International Journal of Stress Management 6, 105–123 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022980310481

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022980310481

Navigation