Abstract
Repair of superficial damage to gastrointestinal mucosa occurs by a process called restitution. Goblet cells reside throughout the length of the intestine and are responsible for the production of mucus. However, a kinetic analysis of goblet cell dynamics of small intestine in restitution has hitherto not been reported. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of goblet cells in the process of restitution of rat small intestine subjected to ischemia and ischemia–reperfusion injury, and therefore intestinal epithelium from rats subjected to both ischemia and ischemia–reperfusion was studied. Detachment of enterocytes was observed after 5-min of reperfusion. After 20–30 minutes of reperfusion, the denuded villous tips were covered with goblet cells. Within 75 min of reperfusion the epithelium restitution was complete. On the other hand, restitution was not observed in ischemia group. These data suggest that goblet cells may play an important role in restitution after ischemia–reperfusion injury.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Cameron GR, Khanna SD: Regeneration of the intestinal villi after extensive mucosal infarction. J Pathol Bacterial 77:505–510, 1959
Silen W, Ito S: Mechanisms for rapid re-epithelialization of the gastric mucosal surface. Annu Rev Physiol 47:217–229, 1985
Lacy ER: Epithelial restitution in the gastrointestinal tract. J Clin Gastroenterol 10(suppl 1):S72–S77, 1988
Paimela H, Goddard PJ, Silen W: Present views on restitution of gastrointestinal epithelium. Dig Dis Sci 40:2495–2496, 1995
Lacy ER: Rapid epithelial restitution in the stomach: An update perspective. Scand J Gastroenterol 30(suppl 210):6–8, 1995
Lacy ER, Ito S: Rapid epithelial restitution of the rat gastric mucosa after ethanol injury. Lab Invest 51:573–585, 1984
Morris GP, Wallace JL: The roles of ethanol and of acid in the production of gastric mucosa erosions in rats. Virchow Arch (Cell Pathol) 38:23–28, 1981
Critchlow J, Magee D, Ito S, Takeuchi K, Silen W: Requirements for restitution of the surface epithelium of frog stomach after mucosal injury. Gastroenterology 88:237–249, 1985
Feil W, Klimesch S, Karner P, Wenzl E, Starlinger M, Lacy ER. Schiessel R: Importance of an alkaline microenvironment for rapid restitution of the rabbit duodenal mucosa in vitro. Gastroenterology 97:112–122, 1989
Prasad M, Goddard PJ, Carter KJ, Milbank AJ, Silen W: In vitro restitution in rat colon: Effects of butyrate and bicarbonate. Gastroenterology 104(suppl):A272, 1993
Feil W, Lacy ER, Wong Y-MM, Burger D, Wenzl E, Starlinger M, Schiessel R: Rapid epithelial restitution of human and rabbit colonic mucosa. Gastroenterology 97:685–701, 1989
Binder HJ, Metha P: Short-chain fatty acids stimulate active sodium and chloride absorption in vitro in the rat distal colon. Gastroenterology 96:989–996, 1989
Modlin IM, Hunt RH: Critical reappraisal of mucosal repair mechanisms. Scand J Gastroenterol 30(suppl 210):28–31, 1995
Dieckgraefe BK, Stenson WF, Alpers DH: Gastrointestinal epithelial response to injury. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 12:109–114, 1996
Wilson AJ, Gibson PR: Epithelial migration in the colon: Filling in the gaps. Clin Sci 93:97–108, 1997
Gibson PR, Anderson RP, Mariadason JM, Wilson AJ: Protective role of the epithelium of the small intestine and colon. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2:279–302, 1996
Forstner JF: Intestinal mucins in health and disease. Digestion 17:234–263, 1978
Cheng H: Origin, differentiation and renewal of the four main epithelial cell types in the mouse small intestine. II Mucous cell. Am J Anat 141:481–502, 1974
Cheng H, Leblond CP: Origin, differentiation and renewal of the four main epithelial cell types in the mouse small intestine. V Unitarian theory of the origin of the four epithelial cell types. Am J Anat 141:537–562, 1974
Kemper AC, Specian RD: Rat small intestinal mucins: A quantitative analysis. Anat Rec 229:219–226, 1991
Specian RD, Oliver MG: Functional biology of intestinal goblet cells. Am J Physiol 260 (Cell Physiol 29):C183–C193, 1991
Megison SM, Horton JW, Chao H, Walker PB: A new model for intestinal ischemia in the rat. J Surg Res 49:168–173, 1990
Ikeda H, Suzuki Y, Suzuki M, Koike M, Tamura J, Tong J, Nomura M, Itoh G: Apoptosis is a major mode of cell death caused by ischaemia and ischaemia/reperfusion injury to the rat intestinal epithelium. Gut 42:530–537, 1998
Inoue T, Osakake H: A new drying method of biological specimens for scanning electron microscopy: The t-butyl alcohol freeze-drying method. Arch Histol Cytol 51:53–59, 1988
Furth RV, Van Zwet TL: Immunocytochemical detection of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation in individual cells. J Immunol Methods 108:45–51, 1988
Tagesson C, Sjödahl R, Thorón B: Passage of molecules through the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. I A simple experimental model. Scand J Gastroenterol 13:519–524, 1978
Berthiaume F, Ezzell RM, Toner M, Yarmush M, Tompkins RG: Transport of fluorescent dextrans across the rat ileum after cutaneous thermal injury. Crit Care Med 22:455–464, 1994
Takeyoshi I, Zhang S, Nakamura K, Ikoma A, Zhu Y, Starzl TE, Todo S: Effect of ischemia on the canine large bowel: A comparison with the small intestine. J Surg Res 62:41–48, 1996
Svanes K, Ito S, Takeuchi K, Silen W. Restitution of the surface epithelium of the in vitro frog gastric muosa after damage with hyperosmolar sodium chloride. Gastroenterology 82:1409–1426, 1982
Moore R, Carlson S, Madara JL: Villus contraction aids repair for intestinal epithelium after injury. Am J Physiol 257 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 20):G274–G283, 1989
Moore R, Carlson S, Madara JL: Rapid barrier restitution in an in vitro model of intestinal epithelial injury. Lab Invest 60:237–244, 1989
Filipe MI, Fenger C: Histochemical characteristics of mucins in the small intestine. A comparative study of normal mucosa, benign epithelial tumors and carcinoma. Histochem J 11:277–287, 1979
Podolsky DK, Isselbacher KJ: Composition of human colonic mucin. Selective alteration in inflammatory bowel disease. J Clin Invest 72:142–153, 1983
Podolsky DK, Isselbacher KJ: Glycoprotein composition of colonic mucosa. Specific alterations in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 87:991–998, 1984
Matovelo JA, Sund RB, Landsverk T: Morphological and functional recovery following exposure to deoxycholic acid. APMIS 97:798–810, 1989
Perreault N, Vachon PH, Beaulieu JF: Appearance and distribution of laminin A chain isoforms and integrin α2, α3, α6, β1, and β4 subunits in the developing human small intestinal mucosa. Anat Rec 242:242–250, 1995
Rogler G, Daig R, Aschenbrenner E, Vogl D, Schlottmann K, Falk W, Gross V, Schölmerich J, Andus T: Establishment of long-term primary cultures of human small and large intestinal epithelial cells. Lab Invest 78:889–890, 1998
Sun Z, Wang X, and Andersson R: Role of intestinal permeability in monitoring mucosal barrier function. Dig Surg 15:386–397, 1998
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ikeda, H., Yang, CL., Tong, J. et al. Rat Small Intestinal Goblet Cell Kinetics in the Process of Restitution of Surface Epithelium Subjected to Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury. Dig Dis Sci 47, 590–600 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017976305128
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017976305128