Abstract
The proton budget for a Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) forest in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, was studied by estimating biogeochemical fluxes. The proton budgets were estimated for three individual compartments of the ecosystem: vegetation canopy, and the upper (O horizon + 0–10 cm) and lower (10–100 cm) soil layers. The dominant proton sources in the compartments were atmospheric deposition (1.2 kmol ha−1 yr−1), nitrification (5.1 kmol, ha−1 yr−1) and base-cation uptake by vegetation (8.0 kmol, ha−1 yr−1) respectively. These proton sources were neutralized almost completely within the individual compartments mainly by base-cation release from the canopy or the soil. The sum of internal proton sources was five times as large as that of external ones. Nitrogen input from the atmosphere was 2.2 kmol ha−1 yr−1, whereas its output from the lower soil layer was 3.9 kmol ha−1 yr−1, indicating that a net loss of nitrogen occurred in the ecosystem. However, this did not cause the acidification of soil leachates because of a sufficient release rate of base cations from the soil.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cole, D.W. and Rapp, M.: 1981, Dynamic Properties of Forest Ecosystems, Cambridge University Press, London. pp. 341.
Draaijers, G.P.J. and Erisman, J.W.: 1995, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 85, 2253.
Driscoll, C.T. and Likens, G.E.: 1982, Tellus 34, 283.
Johnson, D.W., van Miegroet, H., Lindberg, S.E., Todd, D.E. and Harrison, R.B.: 1991, Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, 769.
Kreutzer, K., Beier, C., Bredemeier, M., Blank, K., Cummins, T., Farrell, E.P., Lammersdorf, N., Rasmussen, L., Rothe, A., de Visser, P.H.B., Weis W., Weiß, T. and Xu, Y.-J.: 1998, Forest Ecology and Management 101, 125.
Nambu, K., Kunimatsu, T. and Kyuma, K.: 1994, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 40, 95.
Sato, K., Wakamatsu, T. and Takahashi, A.: 2000, Japanese Journal of Soil Science Plant Nutrition (in press).
Shibata, H., Kirikae, M., Tanaka, Y., Sakuma, T. and Hatano, R.: 1998, Water, Ai, and Soil Pollution 105, 63.
Takahashi, A., Sato, K. and Wakamatsu, T.: 2000, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution (this volume).
Tsutsumi, T.: 1993, Sinrin-Seitaigaku, Asakura Shoten, Tokyo, pp. 89.
van Breemen, N., Driscoll, C.T. and Mulder, J.: 1984, Nature 307, 599.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wakamatsu, T., Sato, K., Takahashi, A. et al. Proton Budget for a Japanese Cedar Forest Ecosystem. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 130, 721–726 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013833501928
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013833501928