Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Curriculum Differentiation and High School Achievement

  • Published:
Social Psychology of Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper links curriculum differentiation in secondary schools to student achievement through instructional, interpersonal, and institutional processes. We argue that these processes operate differently across track and ability group levels. We use the NELS survey to analyze track effects and a longitudinal survey of ability grouping to examine ability group effects on student achievement. The results demonstrate that assignment to the Academic track or a higher level ability group accelerates growth in achievement, while assignment to the Vocational track or a lower level ability group decelerates it. The findings underscore the power of organizational characteristics of schools to differentially affect student learning.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alexander, Karl & Cook, Martha (1982). Curricula and coursework: A surprise ending to a familiar story. American Sociological Review, 47, 626–640.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, Karl, Cook, Martha, & McDill, Edward (1978). Curriculum tracking and educational stratification. American Sociological Review, 43, 47–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, Karl & McDill, Edward (1976). Schools selection and allocation within schools: Some causes and consequences of curriculum placement. American Sociological Review, 41, 963–980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ball, Stephen (1981). Beachside comprehensive: A case-study of secondary schooling. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, Albert & Walters, Richard (1963). Social learning and personality development. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barr, Rebecca & Dreeben, Robert (1983). How schools work. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berends, M. (1991). Tracking and students' attitudes, behaviors, and academic achievement in school. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago.

  • Brown, Ann (1994). The advancement of learning. Educational Researcher, 23, 4–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, J.B. (1963). A model of school learning. Teachers College Record, 64, 723–733.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cusick, Phillip (1973). Inside high school. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fry, P.S. (1982). Pupil performance under varying teacher conditions of high and low expectations and high and low controls. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 14, 219–231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gamoran, Adam (1984). Teaching, grouping, and learning: A study of the consequences of educational stratification. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago.

  • Gamoran, Adam (1986). Instructional and institutional effects of ability grouping. Sociology of Education, 59, 185–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gamoran, Adam (1987). The stratification of high school learning opportunities. Sociology of Education, 60, 135–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gamoran, Adam & Mare, Robert D. (1989). Secondary school tracking and educational inequality. American Journal of Sociology, 94, 1146–1183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goffman, Erving (1961). Asylums. Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallinan, Maureen (1994). School differences in tracking effects on achievement. Social Forces, 72, 799–820.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hargreaves, David (1967). Social relations in a secondary school. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harnischfeger, Annagret & Wiley, David (1976). Exposure to schooling: methods, conclusions, policy. Educational Researcher (February, 1976), 18.

  • Heyns, Barbara (1978). Summer learning and the effects of schooling. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffer, Thomas (1992). Middle school ability grouping and student achievement in science and mathematics. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 14, 205–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jencks, Christopher & Brown, Marsha (1975). The effects of high schools on their students. Harvard Educational Review, 45, 273–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jussim, Lee & Eccles, Jacquelynne (1992). Teacher expectations: II. Construction and reflection of student achievement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 947–961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelley, Harold (1947). Two functions of reference groups. In G. E. Swanson, T. M. Newcomb, & E. L. Hartley (Eds.), Readings in social psychology. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kemper, Theodore (1968). Reference groups, socialization and achievement. American Sociological Review, 33, 31–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kulik, J.A. & Kulik, C.L. (1987). Effects of ability grouping on student achievement. Equity and Excellence, 23, 22–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kulik, J.A. & Kulik, C.L. (1991). Ability grouping and gifted students. In N. Colangelo & G. Davis (Eds.), Handbook of gifted education. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, pp. 178–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lou, Yiping, Abrami, Philip, Spence, John, Poulsen, Catherine, Chambers, Bette, & d'Apollonia, Sylvia (1996). Within-class grouping: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 66, 423–458.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas, Samuel (1990). Course-based indicators of curricular track location. Unpublished masters thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison.

  • Lucas, Samuel (1999). Tracking inequality: Stratification and mobility in American high schools. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas, Samuel & Gamoran, Adam (1991). Race and track assignment: A reconsideration with course-based indicators of track locations. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Cincinnati.

  • Maddala, G. S. (1983). Limited-dependent and qualitative variables in econometrics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mead, George (1934). Mind, self and society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, Neal & Dollard, John (1941). Social learning and imitation. New Haven: Published for the Institute of Human Relations by Yale University Press; London, H. Milford, Oxford University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metz, Mary Haywood (1978). Classrooms and corridors: The crisis of authority in desegregated secondary schools. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, John (1977). The effects of education as an institution. American Journal of Sociology, 83, 55–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, John (1987). Implications of an institutional view of education for the study of educational effects. In M. Hallinan (Ed.), The social organization of schools: New conceptualizations of the learning process. New York: Plenum, pp. 157–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, John & Rowan, Brian (1978). The structure of educational organization. In M. Meyer et al. (Eds.), Environments and organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, pp. 78–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Center for Education Statistics (1982). A classification of secondary school courses. Washington, DC: Evaluation Technologies, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Center for Education Statistics (1994). National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, OERI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newmann, F. (Ed). (1992). Student engagement and achievement in American secondary schools. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nystrand, Martin & Gamoran, Adam (1987). A study of instruction as discourse. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association.

  • Oakes, Jeannie (1985). Keeping track: How schools structure inequality. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oakes, Jeannie (1990). Multiplying inequalities: The effects of race, social class, and tracking on opportunities to learn mathematics and science. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, Reba (1987). Lower-track classes at a college-preparatory school: A caricature of educational encounters. In G. Spindler & L. Spindler (Eds.), Interpretive ethnography of education: At home and abroad. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 447–472.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, Reba (1991). Lower track classrooms: A curricular and cultural perspective. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pallas, Aaron, Entwistle, Doris, Alexander, Karl, & Stukla, M. Francis (1994). Ability-group effects: Instructional, social, or institutional? Sociology of Education, 67, 27–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rehberg, R. & Rosenthal, E. (1978). Class and merit in American high schools. New York: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenbaum, James (1980). Track misperceptions and frustrated college plans: Ananalysis of the effects of tracks and track perceptions in the National Longitudinal Survey. Sociology of Education, 53, 74–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, Richard & Jacobsen, Lenore (1968). Pygmalion in the classroom. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schafer, Walter & Olexa, Carol (1971). Tracking and opportunity. Scranton, PA: Chandler.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, Frances (1981). Supporting or subverting learning: Peer group patterns in four tracked schools. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 12, 99–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slavin, Robert (1987). Ability grouping and achievement in elementary schools: A best-evidence synthesis. Review of Educational Research, 57, 293–336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slavin, Robert (1990). Ability grouping in secondary schools: A best-evidence synthesis. Review of Educational Research, 60, 471–499.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sorensen, Aage & Hallinan, Maureen (1977). A reconceptualization of school effects. Sociology of Education, 50, 273–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spady, William (1973). The impact of school resources on students. In F. Kerliner (Ed.), Review of research in education. Itasca, IL: Peacock, pp. 135–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tannenbaum, Frank (1938). Crime and the community. Boston: Ginn.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanfossen, Beth, Jones, James, & Spade, Joan (1987). Curriculum tracking and status maintenance. Sociology of Education, 60, 104–122.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hallinan, M.T., Kubitschek, W.N. Curriculum Differentiation and High School Achievement. Social Psychology of Education 3, 41–62 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009603706414

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009603706414

Keywords

Navigation