Abstract
A novel method is proposed for post-processing of JPEG-encoded images, in order to reduce coding artifacts and enhance visual quality. Our method simply re-applies JPEG to the shifted versions of the already-compressed image, and forms an average. This approach, despite its simplicity, offers better performance than other known methods, including those based on nonlinear filtering, POCS, and redundant wavelets.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
H.C. Reeves and J.S. Lim, “Reduction of Blocking Artifacts in Image Coding, ” Optical Engineering, vol. 23, 1984, pp. 34–37.
B. Ramamurthi and A. Gersho, “Nonlinear Space-Variant Post-processing of Block Coded Images, ” IEEE Transactions on Acoust.Speech Signal Process., vol. 34, 1986, pp. 1258–1267.
C.J. Kuo and R.J. Hsieh, “Adaptive Postprocessing for Block Encoded Images, ” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 5, no. 4, 1995, pp. 298–304.
J. Chou, M. Crouse, and K. Ramchandran, “A Simple Algorithm for Removing Blocking Artifacts in Block-Transform Coded Images, ” IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 5, 1998, pp. 33–35.
Z. Xiong, M. Orchard, and Y. Zhang, “A Deblocking Algorithm for JPEG Compressed Images Using Overcomplete Wavelet Representations, ” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 7, 1997, pp. 433–437.
A. Kundu, “Enhancement of JPEG Coded Images by Adaptive Spatial Filtering, ” in Proc.IEEE ICIP, Washington, D.C., Oct. 1995, vol. II, pp. 187–191.
W.E. Lynch, A. Reibman, and B. Liu, “Postprocessing Trans-form Coded Images Using Edges, ” in Proc.IEEE ICASSP, Detroit, MI, May 1995, vol. IV, pp. 2323–2326.
K. Sauer, “Enhancement of Low Bit-Rate Encoded Images Using Edge Detection and Estimation, ” Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, pp. 52–62, 1991.
D.C. Yula, “Generalized Image Restoration by the Method of Alternating Orthogonal Projections, ” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, vol. 25, 1978, pp. 694–702.
D. Yula and H. Webb, “Image Restoration by the Method of Convex Projections: Part I-Theory, ” IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 1, 1982, pp. 81–94.
A. Zakhor, “Iterative Procedures for Reduction of Blocking Arti-facts in Transform Image Coding, ” IEEE Transactions on Cir-cuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 2, 1992, pp. 91–95.
S.J. Reeves and S.I. Eddins, “Comments on Iterative Procedures for Reduction of Blocking Effects in Transform Coding, ” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 3, 1993, pp. 439–440.
Y. Yang, N. Galatsanos, and A. Katsaggelos, “Regularized Re-construction to Reduce Blocking Artifacts of Block Discrete Cosine Transform Compressed Images, ” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 3, 1993, pp. 421–432.
Y. Yang, N. Galatsanos, and A. Katsaggelos, “Projection-Based Spatially Adaptive Reconstruction of Block-Transform Com-pressed Images, ” IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 4, 1995, pp. 896–908.
J.K. Su and R.M. Mersereau, “Post-Processing for Artifact Reduction in JPEG-Compressed Images, ” in Proc.IEEE ICASSP, Detroit, MI, May 1995, vol. IV, pp. 2363–2366.
K.Y. Kwak and R.A. Haddad, “Projection-Based Eigenvector Decomposition for Reduction of Blocking Artifacts of DCT Coded Image, ” in Proc.IEEE ICIP, Washington, D.C., Oct. 1995, vol. II, pp. 527–530.
S.-W. Hong, Y.-H. Lee, and W.-C. Siu, “Subband Adaptive Reg-ularization Method for Removing Blocking Artifacts, ” in Proc.IEEE ICIP, Washington, D.C., Oct. 1995, vol. II, pp. 523–527.
T.P. O'Rourke and R.L. Stevenson, “Improved Image Decom-pression for Reduced Transform Coding Artifacts, ” IEEE Trans-actions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 5, 1995, pp. 490–499.
J. Li and C.-C. J. Kuo, “Coding Aritact Removal with Multiscale Postprocessing, ” in Proc.IEEE ICIP, Santa Barbara, CA, Oct. 1997, vol. I, pp. 45–48.
R.A. Gopinath, M. Lang, H. Guo, and J.E. Odegard, “Wavelet-Based Postprocessing of Low Bit Rate Transform Coded Images, ” in Proc.IEEE ICIP, 1994, pp. 913–917.
D. Donoho, “Denoising by Soft Thresholding, ” IEEE Transac-tions on Information Theory, vol. IT-41, 1995, pp. 613–627.
R.R. Coifman and D.L. Donoho, “Translation-Invariant Denois-ing, ” in Springer Lecture Notes in Statistics, vol. 103: Wavelets and Statistics, New York: Springer Verlag, 1994, pp. 125–150.
M.-Y. Shen and C.-C. J. Kuo, “Review of Postprocessing Tech-niques for Compression Artifact Removal, ” Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, vol. 9, 1998, pp. 2–14.
S. Minami and A. Zakhor, “An Optimization Approach for Re-moving Blocking Effects in Transform Coding, ” IEEE Transac-tions on Circuits and System for Video Technology, vol. 5, 1995, pp. 74–81.
N.C. Kim, I.H. Jang, D.H. Kim, and W.H. Hong, “Reduction of Blocking Artifact in Block-Coded Images Using Wavelet Transform, ” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 8, 1998, pp. 253–257.
Y.-H. Chan, S.-W. Hong, and W.-C. Siu, “A Practical Postprocessing Technique for Real-Time Block-Based Coding System, ” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 8, 1998, pp. 4–8.
S.-C. Hsia, J.-F. Yang, and B.-D. Liu, “Efficient Postprocessor for Blocky Effect Removal Based on Transform Characteristics, ” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 7, 1997, pp. 924–929.
G. Lakhani, “Improved Equations for JPEG's Blocking Arti-facts Reduction Approach, ” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 7, no. 6, 1997, pp. 930–934.
Z. Wang and D. Zhang, “A Novel Approach for Reduction of Blocking Effects in Low-Bit-Rate Image Compression, ” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 46, 1998, pp. 732–734.
M. Lang, H. Guo, J.E. Odegard, C.S. Burrus, and R.O. Wells, “Noise Reduction Using an Undecimated Discrete Wavelet Transform, ” IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 3, 1996, pp. 10–12.
B. Natarajan, “Filtering Random Noise from Determinic Signals via Data Compression, ” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 43, 1995, pp. 2595–2605.
G. Davis and A. Nosratinia, “Wavelet-Based Image Coding: An Overview, ” Applid and Computational Control, Signals, and Circuits, vol. 1, no. 1, 1998.
N.S. Jayant and P. Noll, Digital Coding of Waveforms, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1984.
E. Feig and E. Linzer, “Discrete Cosine Transform Algorithms for Image Data Compression, ” in Electronic Imaging '90 East, Boston, MA, Oct. 1990, pp. 84–87.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nosratinia, A. Enhancement of JPEG-Compressed Images by Re-application of JPEG. The Journal of VLSI Signal Processing-Systems for Signal, Image, and Video Technology 27, 69–79 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008167430544
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008167430544