Abstract
The anthelmintic efficacy of benzimidazoles (albendazole, fenbendazole and oxfendazole), levamisole, oral ivermectin and closantel was evaluated on a farm in Kenya using faecal egg count reduction test, larval cultures and a controlled slaughter trial. The results of this study indicated simultaneous resistance of Haemonchus contortus against benzimidazoles, levamisole and ivermectin, and of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Oesophagostomum spp. against levamisole on the same farm. Ivermectin resistance developed to 47% within 15 months of first use. Closantel was effective against the benzimidazoles, levamisole and ivermectin resistant H. contortus.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Anonymous, 1986. Manual of Veterinary Parasitological Laboratory Techniques, (Technical Bulletin No. 18, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London, HMSO)
Baker, R.L., 1995. Genetic resistance against helminth infections in cattle, sheep and goats in the tropics. In: Helminth Diseases of Ruminants: Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Control, (6th Symposium on tropical animal health and production, Utrecht University, the Netherlands, October 6, 1995), 40–47
Cabaret, J., Baudet, H.M., Dovos, J., Hubert, J. and Cortet, J., 1995. Studies on multispecific resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes to benzimidazoles on dairy goat farms. Veterinary Parasitology, 60, 331–337
Coles, G.C. and Rouch, R.T., 1992. Slowing the spread of anthelmintic resistant nematodes of sheep and goats in the United Kingdom. Veterinary Record, 30, 505–510
Coles, G.C., Bauer, C., Borgsteede, F.H.M., Geerts, S., Klei, T.R., Taylor, M.A. and Waller, P.J., 1992. World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP). Methods for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance. Veterinary Parasitology, 44, 35–44
Craig, T.M. and Miller, D.K., 1990. Resistance by Haemonchus contortus to ivermectin in Angora goats. Veterinary Record, 126, 580
Dash, K.M., 1986. Multiple anthelmintic resistance in Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Australian Veterinary Journal, 63, 45–47
Githigia, S.M., Thamsborg, S.M., Larsen, M., Kyvsgaard, N.C. and Nansen, P., 1997. The preventive effect of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans on trichostrongyle infections of lambs on pasture. International Journal for Parasitology, 27, 931–939
Hall, C.A., Kelly, J.D., Whitlock, H.V. and Ritchie, L., 1981. Prolonged anthelmintic effect of closantel and disophenol against a thiabendazole selected resistant strain of Haemonchus contortus. Research in Veterinary Science, 31, 184–186
Jackson, F., 1993. Anthelmintic resistance — the state of play. British Veterinary Journal, 149, 123–138
Maingi, N., 1991. Resistance to thiabendazole, fenbendazole and levamisole in Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus species in sheep on a Kenyan farm. Veterinary Parasitology, 39, 285–291
Martin, P.J., Anderson, N., Brown, T.H. and Miller, D.K., 1988. Changes in resistance of Ostertagia spp. to thiabendazole following natural selection or treatment with levamisole. International Journal for Parasitology, 18, 333–340
McKellar, Q.A. and Marriner, S.E., 1987. Comparison of the anthelmintic efficacy of oxfendazole or ivermectin administered orally and ivermectin administered subcutaneously to sheep during the periparturent period. Veterinary Record, 120, 383–386
Miller, J.E. and Baker, N.F., 1980. Thiabendazole resistant strains of H. contortus and Ostertagia in California lambs. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 41, 1674–1676
Mwamachi, D.M., Audho, J.O., Thorpe, W. and Baker, R.C., 1995. Evidence for multiple anthelmintic resistance in sheep and goats reared under the same management in coastal Kenya. Veterinary Parasitology, 60, 303–313
Presidente, P.J.A., 1985. Methods for detection of resistance to anthelmintics. In: N. Anderson and P.J. Waller (eds), Resistance in Nematodes to Anthelmintic Drugs, (CSIRO, Glebe, NSW, Australia), 13–28.
Sivaraj, S., Dorney, P., Vercruysse, J. and Pandey, V.S., 1994. Multiple and multigeneric anthelmintic resistance on a sheep farm in Malaysia. Veterinary Parasitology, 55, 159–165
Shoop, W.L., 1993. Ivermectin resistance. Parasitology Today, 9, 154–159
Van Wyk, J.A. and Malan, F.S., 1988. Resistance of field strains of Haemonchus contortus to ivermectin, closantel, rafoxanide and benzimidazoles in sheep in South Africa. Veterinary Record, 123, 226–228
Vassilev, G.D., 1995. Control of haemonchosis in sheep by strategic treatment with closantel. Zimbabwe Veterinary Journal, 26, 33–60
Wanyangu, S.W., Bain, R.K., Rugutt, M.K., Nginyi, J.M. and Mugambi, J.M., 1996. Anthelmintic resistance amongst sheep and goats in Kenya. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 25, 285–290
Waruiru, R.M., Weda, E.H., Otieno, R.O., Ngotho, J.W. and Bogh, H.O., 1996. Comparative efficacies of closantel, ivermectin, oxfendazole, thiophanate and levamisole against thiabendazole resistance Haemonchus contortus in sheep. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 28, 216–220
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Waruiru, R., Ngotho, J. & Mukiri, J. MULTIPLE AND MULTIGENERIC ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE ON A SHEEP FARM IN KENYA. Tropical Animal Health and Production 30, 159–166 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005007602986
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005007602986