Abstract
Alkaline-earth stannates having the general chemical formula MSnO3 (M = Ca, Sr and Ba) have been projected as potential electronic ceramics. In view of the information gaps in the reported research, a vigorous and systematic investigation on these exotic materials has been carried out. In this communication, the synthesis of CaSnO3, SrSnO3 and BaSnO3 via sol-gel technique is reported. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray analyses of various gel samples with different thermal history helped in identifying the reaction pathways and the stage where amorphous gel to crystalline phase transition occurred. Grains of submicron size with narrow size distribution and spherical morphology, were the most noticeable characteristics of sintered calcium metastannate derived by sol-gel method. In the case of barium analogue, a fascinating ‘sugar cube’ structure (akin to that observed in solid-state reaction and the self-heat-sustained reaction derived samples) having improved density characteristics evolved at low sintering temperatures. This gradually transformed into a more familiar spherical granular motif with improved density characteristics as the sintering profiles were varied from 1200 °C/24 h to 1500 °C/2 h. This seems to be an inherent feature of this system, irrespective of the method of synthesis.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
(a) J. M. HERBERT, "Ceramic Dielectrics and Capacitors" (Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Philadelphia 1985)
(b) R. BUCHANAN, "Ceramic Materials for Electronics" (Marcel Dekker, New York 1986)
(c) A. J. MOULSON and J. M. HERBERT, "Electroceramics: Materials, Processing, Applications" (Chapman and Hall, New York, 1990).
Y. SHIMIZU, M. SHIMABUKURO, H. ARAI and T. SEIYAMA, J. Electrochem. Soc. 136 (1989) 1206.
U. LUMPE, J. GERBLINGER and H. MEIXNER, Sensors and Actuators B 26/27 (1995) 97.
R. OSTRICK, M. FLEISCHER and H. MEIXNER, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 80 (1997) 2153.
P.T. MOUSLEY, A. M. STONEHAM and D. E. WILLIAMS, in "Techniques and Mechanisms in Gas Sensing," edited by P. T. Moseley, J. O. W. Norris and D. E. Williams (Adam Hilger, Bristol, 1991) Ch. 4.
L. M. SHEPPARD, Adv. Mater. Processes 2 (1986) 19.
O. PARKASH, K. D. MANDAL, C. C. CHRISTOPHER, M. S. SASTRY and D. KUMAR, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 13 (1994) 1616.
K. D. MANDAL, M. S. SASTRY and O. PARKASH, ibid. 14 (1995) 1412.
(a) S. UPADHYAY, O. PARKASH and D. K UMAR, ibid. 16 (1997) 1330
(b) S. UPADHYAY, A. K. SAHU, D. KUMAR and O. PARKASH, J. Appl. Phys. 84 (1998) 828.
A.-M. AZAD, in Proceedings of 5th International Symposium on Advanced Materials, September 21-25, 1997, Islamabad, Pakistan, edited by M. A. Khan, A. Haq, K. Hussain and A. Q. Khan (Dr. A. Q. Khan Research Laboratories, Kahuta, Pakistan 1998) p. 110.
A.-M. AZAD and N. C. HON, J. Alloys Comp. 270 (1998) 95.
A.-M. AZAD, L. L. W. SHYAN and P. T. YEN, ibid. 282 (1999) 109.
A.-M. AZAD, L. L. W. SHYAN and M. A. ALIM, J. Mater. Sci. 34 (1999) 1175.
Idem., ibid. 34 (1999) 3375.
A.-M. AZAD, L. L. W. SHYAN, P. T. YEN and N. C. HON, Ceram. Int., in press.
R. A. NYQUIST and R. D. KAGEL, "Infrared Spectra of Inorganic Compounds" (Academic Press, New York, 1971) p. 108, 128.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Azad, AM., Hashim, M., Baptist, S. et al. Phase evolution and microstructural development in sol-gel derived MSnO3 (M = Ca, Sr and Ba). Journal of Materials Science 35, 5475–5483 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004825130403
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004825130403