Objective: Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is essential for maintenance of life for those with end-stage renal disease. However, there remain many areas of uncertainty about which method of RRT should be chosen. This paper reports an economic model based on a systematic review that attempts to determine which method of dialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or hemodialysis, a patient should have as the initial method of RRT.

Methods: A systematic review and a costing exercise carried out in a Scottish hospital were used to populate a Markov model. Scenario analysis was used to model plausible variations in variables included in the model.

Results: In 8 of the 16 scenarios developed hemodialysis dominated CAPD. In a further eight scenarios, the cost per life-year displayed considerable variability, ranging from between £5,000 to £51,000. The higher costs per life-year were associated with minimum estimates of additional survival for a patient starting RRT on hospital hemodialysis.

Conclusion: It may be more cost-effective to manage patients starting on RRT with hospital hemodialysis than CAPD. This has particular implications for the United Kingdom, given that up to 50% of new patients receive CAPD.