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Cytokine profile in first-episode psychosis, unaffected siblings and community-based controls: the effects of familial liability and childhood maltreatment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 May 2019

Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli Open the ORCID record for Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli [Opens in a new window] ,
Camila Marcelino Loureiro ,
Rosana Shuhama ,
Helene Aparecida Fachim ,
Paulo Rossi Menezes ,
Paulo Louzada-Junior ,
Valeria Mondelli  and
Cristina Marta Del-Ben
Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli*
Affiliation:
Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
Camila Marcelino Loureiro
Affiliation:
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Rosana Shuhama
Affiliation:
Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Helene Aparecida Fachim
Affiliation:
Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
Paulo Rossi Menezes
Affiliation:
Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Paulo Louzada-Junior
Affiliation:
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Valeria Mondelli
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
Cristina Marta Del-Ben
Affiliation:
Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli, E-mail: fabiana.zuelli@usp.br; fabiana.corsi-zuelli@kcl.ac.uk
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Abstract

Background

Inflammation is a possible biological mechanism underlying the association between childhood maltreatment and psychosis. Previous investigations on this regard were mainly conducted on chronic schizophrenia and lacked control for confounders. We aim to investigate the role of familial liability, childhood maltreatment and recent stress in determining cytokine abnormalities at the onset of psychosis.

Methods

We recruited 114 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, 57 unaffected biological siblings of FEP patients, and 251 community-based controls. Plasma cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β) were measured and differences across the groups analysed after adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

FEP had a higher pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine profile (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 and TGF-β), which was not observed in unaffected siblings. Siblings presented decreased IL-1β when compared with patients and controls. Childhood maltreatment was associated with higher levels of TGF-β in both patients and siblings when compared with controls. Physical childhood abuse was associated with increased levels of TGF-β in FEP patients but with decreased levels in controls. Other childhood maltreatment subtypes or recent stressors did not affect cytokine levels in any of the groups.

Conclusions

Normal or reduced cytokines in siblings represent possibly a protective factor and suggest that the identified inflammatory profile in FEP can be a real pathophysiological component of psychosis. Experience of childhood maltreatment may contribute as long-term immune priming for the TGF-β pathway, and increased levels of this cytokine in both patients and siblings exposed to childhood maltreatment point to a possible biological candidate of familial risk for psychosis.

Keywords

Anti-inflammatory cytokineschildhood maltreatmentcytokinesearly-life stressfirst-episode psychosisinflammationpro-inflammatory cytokinesschizophreniasiblingstransforming growth factor-beta
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 50 , Issue 7 , May 2020 , pp. 1139 - 1147
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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