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Three unrelated species, 3 sites, same host – monogenean parasites of the southern fiddler ray, Trygonorrhina fasciata, in South Australia: egg hatching strategies and larval behaviour

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2006

V. GLENNON ,
L. A. CHISHOLM  and
I. D. WHITTINGTON
V. GLENNON
Affiliation:
Marine Parasitology Laboratory, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia 5005, Australia
L. A. CHISHOLM
Affiliation:
Marine Parasitology Laboratory, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia 5005, Australia
I. D. WHITTINGTON
Affiliation:
Marine Parasitology Laboratory, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia 5005, Australia Monogenean Research Laboratory, Parasitology Section, The South Australian Museum, North Terrace, South Australia 5000, Australia
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Abstract

The southern fiddler ray, Trygonorrhina fasciata (Rhinobatidae), is parasitized by 3 monogenean (platyhelminth) species from 3 families on 3 different sites of the host: Calicotyle australis (Monocotylidae) from the cloaca, Pseudoleptobothrium aptychotremae (Microbothriidae) from the skin and Branchotenthes octohamatus (Hexabothriidae) from the gills. Cues that promote egg hatching were investigated for each species and the behaviour of their larvae was also documented. Eggs were laid by parasites in vivo and maintained at 22 °C. Three different egg hatching and host finding strategies were discovered. Calicotyle australis eggs hatched spontaneously with a strong diurnal rhythm that is likely to be under circadian control. The larva is ciliated, photo-responsive and can survive for up to 24 h at 22 °C after hatching. Pseudoleptobothrium aptychotremae may have a ‘bet-hedging’ strategy. Some eggs hatched spontaneously and rhythmically. However, since the hatching success was low, it is possible that other eggs require a different cue provided by the host. The larva is also ciliated but shows no photo-response and was observed to remain active for <4 h at 22 °C after hatching. Branchotenthes octohamatus has a ‘sit-and-wait’ strategy that depends on mechanical disturbance to stimulate hatching. The larva is unciliated, shows no photo-response but may survive for more than 2 days at 22 °C after hatching. The implications of hatching strategy, larval behaviour and morphology in the goal to find a host are discussed for each species.

Keywords

MonogeneaMonocotylidaeMicrobothriidaeHexabothriidaeegg hatchinglarval behaviourTrygonorrhina fasciata
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 133 , Issue 1 , July 2006 , pp. 55 - 66
Copyright
2006 Cambridge University Press

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